国民收入（national income)

用IS-LM图描述下列变动对国民收入、利率、物价水平、消费、投资以及实际货币余额的短期与长期影响。

a．货币供给增加。

b．政府购买增加。

c．税收增加。

Use the IS-LM diagram to describe the short-run and long-run effects of the following changes on national income, the interest rate, the price level, consumption, investment, and real money balances.

a．An increase in the money supply.

b．An increase in government purchases.

c．An increase in taxes.

假设制造品的劳动需求=100-L_M，农业生产的劳动需求=80-L_A，在整个经济中有100个工人。

a.什么是均衡工资？

b.如果制造业工资被定在50，而且是充分就业，那么国民收入的损失是多少？

Suppose that the demand for labor in manufactured goods is equal to 100-LM and that the demand for labor in agriculture is equal to 80-LA There are 100 workers in the economy.

a.What is the equilibrium wage？

b.What is the loss in national income if the manufacturing wage is set at 50， but there is full employment？

在索洛维亚这个经济中，资本所有者得到了的国民收入，而工人得到了的国民收入。

a．索洛维亚的男人留在家里从事家务劳动，而妇女在工厂干活。如果一些男人开始走出家门去工作，以至劳动力增加了5%，这个经济可衡量的产出会发生什么变动？劳动生产率——定义为每个工人的产出——是提高了，下降了，还是保持不变？全要素增长率提高了，下降了。还是保持不变？

b．在第1年，资本存量为6，劳动投入为3，产出为12。在第2年，资本存量为7，劳动投入为4，产出为14。在这两年之间，全要素生产率发生了什么变动？

In the economy of Solovia, the owners of capital get two-thirds of national income, and the workers receive one-third.

a．The men of Solovia stay at home performing household chores, while the women work in factories. If some of the men started working outside the home so that the labor force increased by 5 percent, what would happen to the measured output of the economy？ Does labor productivity-defined as output per worker-increase, decrease, or stay the same？ Does total factor productivity increase, decrease, or stay the same？

b．In year 1, the capital stock was 6, the labor input was 3, and output was 12. In year 2, the capital stock was 7, the labor input was 4, and output was 14. What happened to total factor productivity between the two years？

(b) Compute Gloria’s total income tax and national insurance liability for 2006/07. (7 marks)

(ii) Calculate her income tax (IT) and national insurance (NIC) payable for the year of assessment 2006/07.

(4 marks)

A.the price level and national income

B.the price level

C.national income

D.the interest rate

A.national sovereignty

B.the world’s poor

C.jobs and income

D.labor policies and the environment

(ii) Analyse the effect of delaying the sale of the business of the Stiletto Partnership to Razor Ltd until

30 April 2007 on Clint’s income tax and national insurance position.

You are not required to prepare detailed calculations of his income tax or national insurance liabilities.

(4 marks)

(ii) Explain the income tax (IT), national insurance (NIC) and capital gains tax (CGT) implications arising on

the grant to and exercise by an employee of an option to buy shares in an unapproved share option

scheme and on the subsequent sale of these shares. State clearly how these would apply in Henry’s

case. (8 marks)