If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, _____ him or her leave a message.

根据下列材料，请回答 31～35 题：

In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.

Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform. a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.

Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.

Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.

In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”

第 31 题 According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its

[A] uncertainty and complexity.

[B] misconception and deceptiveness.

[C] logicality and objectivity.

[D] systematicness and regularity.

English has never been the only language in use over the British Isles , and it certainly is not now! Welsh is still used in Wales. Some Welsh people still speak it as their mother tongue , and it is widely taught in Welsh schools. Some people in Scotland and in Ireland still use a language that is related to Welsh. It is called Gaelic. These languages have a long history in these islands - longer than the history of English. In addition , people from

overseas have settled in England quite recently during this century. In some industrial cities , though not generally in Britain , you find groups of people who speak Polish , and other groups speaking the languages of the Indian subcontinent. A survey of North London schools in the early 1980' s found that nearly a third of the children spoke a language other than English at home.

The majority of the 55 million people living in England use English all the time. Standard English , that is , written English , is in use throughout Britain. Spoken English , however , sounds very different in different parts of the country. There is a story , a play. by the famous writer George Bernard Shaw , about a professor of English Language who can tell you someone' s address when he hears that person speak! That is exaggeration of course. Not even a Professor , who has studied the sounds of English all his life , can really do that. However ,it is true hat most people who have lived for a long time in Britain can tell a number of things about the people as soon as they speak! Usually we cannot tell the speaker' s address

, but we can guess the part of the country where the person comes from. We can tell how well educated he or she is too! If an international user of English , like anyone of you here , happens to meet speakers from , say , the North or the West of England , you may find them hard to understand. Unless you understand what is going on your confidence in your ability to use the language may be badly shaken.

36. Gaelic is related to Welsh. ()

37. Welsh is not taught in schools anymore. ()

38. One third of the 55 million people in England speak other languages besides English at home ()

39. Written English is in use throughout Britain but spoken English sounds different in different parts of the country. ()

40. Most people who have lived for a long time in Britain can tell how well educated a person is by the way he/ she speaks. ()

In his job as sales support associate , Cal helps four busy salespeople at a company that sells flooring , wallpaper ,

and countertop materials for kitchens and bathrooms. The

company , Floors &. More , has four locations , each in a different city.

All the salespeople have cubicles , though they spend most of their time madding sales presentations in people's homes. Cal's job is to process the salespeople's orders. When a

problem - such as a back order - comes up. he puts his paperwork back on the appropriate person' s desk. Cal has anyone suggested that he do so. He sometimes runs out of things to do. When that happens , he waits in a cubicle until something comes up.

In the showroom , the receptionist. Angelica. also has a cubicle. Angelica answers all incoming calls. The phone rings 10 to 20 times per hour. Most calls are for the salespeople. Angelica takes messages (usually just a name and number) for the absent salespeople. If showroom customers have a question. they often must wait until angelica is between phone calls. Sometimes. if a caller isn't someone she knows , she puts the call on hold and answers

a question with the phone resting on her shoulder.

Occasionally customers in the showroom approach Cal with a question. Sometimes he just says , "I' m not a salesperson; I can't help you." At other times. Cal tells them they'll have to wait for Angelica or make an appointment with one of the salespeople. The salespeople , however ， do not have telephones with them when they are out of the

showroom , and Angelica does not schedule appointments for them.

26. What does Cal do as a sales support associate？

A. He sells materials to salespeople.

B. He processes the salespeople' s orders.

C. He makes arrangements with customers.

27. Which of the following is true about Cal？

A. He helps dozens of salespeople.

B. He offers rewards to salespeople.

C. He presents the problem to the appropriate people.

28. Which of the following is NOT Angelica' s job？

A. Answering calls.

B. Leaving messages.

C. scheduling appointments.

29. Customers in the showroom Cal.

A. sometimes inquire

B. always meet

C. never talk to

30. Cal is Angelica's ().

A. external customer

B. internal customer

C.service provider

A.lawyer

B.treasure

C.excitement

D.argue

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form. a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.

41._____

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don&39;t know and something within you says" I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won&39;t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen？ They won&39;t talk with you？ Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“ Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.

42._____

It&39;s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of "hi", "hello", “how are you？” and" what&39; s going on？" you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that&39;s can make it so memorable.

So don&39;t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you&39;ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43._____

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you&39;ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44._____

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45._____

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn&39;t that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That&39;s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

41、_____.

A.Be present

B.Just say it

C.Ask for an opinion

D.Find the “me too” s

E.Name, places, things

F.skip the small talk

G.Pay a unique compliment

43_____.A.Be present

B.Just say it

C.Ask for an opinion

D.Find the"me too"s

E.Name,places,things

F.skip the small talk

G.Pay a unique compliment

42___.A.Be present

B.Just say it

C.Ask for an opinion

D.Find the"me too"s

E.Name,places,things

F.skip the small talk

G.Pay a unique compliment

44_____.A.Be present

B.Just say it

C.Ask for an opinion

D.Find the"me too"s

E.Name,places,things

F.skip the small talk

G.Pay a unique compliment

45_____.A.Be present

B.Just say it

C.Ask for an opinion

D.Find the"me too"s

E.Name,places,things

F.skip the small talk

G.Pay a unique compliment

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

A.whether; if

B.if; whether

C.whether; whether

D.if; if

A.what does it happens

B.happens what

C.what is happened

D.what happens

A.sharing

B.owning

C.using

We remembered everything that happens _____ us.

A.at

B.to

C.on

D.in