The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPT______.A．religious pra

me and stay for a weekend with your family at your riverside cottage：

(a) you have not seen him for a long time;

(b) the country air will do him good;

(c) he can catch a train after work on Friday;

(d) you ask him to let you know the time of his arrival;

(e) you will meet him at the station.

A.Today, children have few responsibilities, their lives are characterized by play not work, school not paid labor, family rather than public life and consumption instead of production.

B.In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings.They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it).

C.Today, a four year old who can tie his or her shoes is impressive.In colonial times, four-year-old girls knitted stockings and mittens and could produce intricate embroidery: At age six they spun wool.

D.While Westerners might take exception to eight-year-old girls working or to 12-year-old girls marrying, within their own communities such activities are seen as a normal and positive part of childhood.

回答题

"Family" is of course an elastic word．And in different countries it has different meanings．Butwhen British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family" in itsnarrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own houseas an economic and social unit．Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new andindependent family--hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life．For both man andwoman, marriage means leaving one&39; s parents and starting one&39; s own life．The man&39; s first dutywill then be to his wife, and the wife&39; s to her husband．He will be entirely responsible for her finan-cial support, and she for the running of the new home．Their children will be their common responsi-bility and their alone．Neither the wife&39; s parents nor the husband&39; s, nor their brothers or sisters,aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them--they are their own masters．

Readers of novels like Jane Austen&39; s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, mar-riage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl&39; s parents, that is, it was the parents&39; duty tofind a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement tolead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her．Until that time, the girl was protected andmaintained in the parents&39; home, and the fmancial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in theirgiving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry(嫁妆)．It is very different today．

Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before theirmarriage．This has had two results．A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry．Everycoin has two sides; independence for girls is no exception．But it may be a good thing for all of thegirls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate(部下，下级) oftheir parents and husbands．

What does the author mean by "Family is of course an elastic word"？ 查看材料

A.Different families have different ways of life．

B.Different definitions could be given to the word．

C.Different nations have different families．

D.Different times produce different families．

Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting

AIDS, but they don't know there's cure and strongly disagree that 【S1】______.

"the AIDS epidemic is over, " a new survey finds:

The findings, relieved Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foun- 【S2】______.

dation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern

about AIDS might disappear in night to recent news about ad- 【S3】______.

vances in treatment and declines in deaths.

"While people are very pessimistic about the advances, 【S4】______.

they're still realistic about the fact that there is no cure, "

says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the founda-

tion.

The Kaiser Family Foundation did find in its survey that 【S5】______.

the number of people ranked AIDS as the country's top health 【S6】______.

problem has fallen.

In the poll, 38% says it's the top concern, down from 【S7】______.

44% in a 1996 poll. Other findings from Kaiser, which poll 【S8】______.

more than 1, 200 adults in September and October and asked

additional question of another 1, 000 adults in November 【S9】______.

show that 52% say that the country is making progress

against AIDS, up from 32 % in 1995. Daniel Zingale, director

of AIDS Action Council, says, " I'm encouraged that the Amer-

ican people are getting the message what the AIDS epidemic 【S10】______.

isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are get-

ting the same message. We have seen signs of complacency (满足)."

【S1】

t has different meanings. Butwhen British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family"in itsnarrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own houseas an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and in-dependent family--hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both man andwoman, marriage means leaving one’s parents and starting one’s own life. The man’s first duty willthen be to his wife, and the wife’s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financialsupport, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibilityand their alone. Neither the wife’s parents nor the husband’s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts oruncles, have any right to interfere with them-they are their own masters. Readers of novels likeJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl’s parents, that is, it was the "parents' duty tofind a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement tolead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected andmaintained in the parents' home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in theirgiving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry (嫁妆). It is very different today.Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before theirmarriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry. Everycoin has two sides; independence for girls is no exception. But it may be a good thing for all of thegirls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate(部下，下级) oftheir parents and husbands. What does the author mean by "Family is of course an elastic word"？

A.Different families have different ways of life.

B.Different definitions could be given to the word.

C.Different nations have different families.

D.Different times produce different families.

leasant talk.Just give them a telephone call and ask for, say, a daughter, son-in-law and grandchild.They will show up at your door, and greet you emotionally as if they hadn’t seen you for years.

Some 15 couples have so far hired “families”.“We have nearly 80 people on the waiting list.” Said the president of the company that offers such services, “What is common about these senior citizens is that they are thirsty for human love.We are helping them make their dreams come true.”

Where once big families with three or more generations living together were common, now numbers are reducing fast.In cities there are very few indeed.Many old people see their families only rarely, if at all.This may be because the children’s bosses have sent them to a distant city, even abroad, or just because busy family members cannot find time to visit their parents.

“We’ve seen many cases in which parent-children relations are not in a happy state,” company president continues.“When a son finally visits his parents after a long while, it is often just to ask for money or for them to let him have their property(财产)early.”

Loneliness is not a one-way street.“One young mother came to us to ask about grandparents,” he added.

The company is now developing into other fields.Their services include providing “employees” for businessmen to scold and “lovers” for young people unlucky in love.Company’s “lovers” for hire is not a service to be misunderstood, company president makes clear.

“You shouldn’t think about our lover too romantically,” he said, “She’s there to act as an adviser on how to find a girlfriend.”

11.Old couples in Japan hire family members ().

A.to ask for help when they are ill

B.to realize their big-family dreams

C.to seek love and comfort

D.to strengthen parent-children relations

12.In the sentence “what is common about these senior citizens is that they are thirsty for human love”, “senior citizens” could best be replaced by() .

A.high-ranking officials in cities

B.rich old couples living in cities

C.respectable ladies and gentlemen

D.old people

13.Which of the following is not the reason that Japanese grown-ups seldom visit their parents？()

A.They are too busy.

B.They work in distant cities.

C.They can’t afford expensive visits to their parents.

D.Their relations are not very tight.

14.“Loneliness is not a one-way street” means that() .

A.both the old and the young will feel lonely

B.living alone is not a one-way street

C.young mother with a little child will feel lonely

D.one young mother will hire “grandparents” for their child

15.When a Japanese young man hires a “lover”, ()

A.she will be his lover

B.she will offer him valuable advice on love affairs

C.she will bring him a girlfriend

D.she will tell him her own love story

She hasn't seen her family ______ three years ago.

A、since

B、from

C、for

D、before

A.happy, to see

B.happily, seen

C.happily, to see

D.happily, saw

ailable in the developing world.

Women's education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.

Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy (预言)becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.

An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.

Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.

The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is ______.

A．troublesome

B．labor-saving

C．rewarding

D．expensive

Questions are based on the following passage.Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots

Questions are based on the following passage.

Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romanticrelationship can be swayed by the society we.live in.So says psychologist Maureen O'Sullivan from theUniversity of San Francisco.She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond tomaximise (使最大化) reproductive success.Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong pressures tostay married.In those where ties to family and commtmity are strong, lifelong marriages can bepromoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seenas a contract between two families, not just two individuals.In modern western societies, however, thefocus on ndividuality and independence means that people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守 ) the dictates of family and culture.In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds,O'Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that shoulddetermine who we stay with and for how long."That's why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships," she says.According to O'Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually doexperience, when in love.Although the negative emotions associated with romantic love-fear of loss,disappointment and jealousy-are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary. "If youask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highlythings like loyalty, commitment and devotion," says O'Sullivan. "If you ask American college women,they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing,funny and a friend."We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romanticlove should feel like.If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you thatthis is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or familypressures to keep couples together, O'Sullivan argues.

What does the author say about people's views of an ideal romantic relationship？

A.They vary from culture to culture.

B.They ensure the reproductive success.

C.They reflect the evolutionary process.

D.They are influenced by psychologists.