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Total Quality Management (TQM)

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a {comprehend; comprehensive; comprehension} and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services {with; through; in} ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback. TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization {or; and; as} may be in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 series. TQM can be applied to any type of organization; it originated in the manufacturing sector and has since been adapted for use in almost every type of organization imaginable, {among; besides; including} schools, highway maintenance, hotel management, and churches. As a current focus of e-business, TQM is based on quality management {from; to; at} the customer's point of view.

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Fruit is good for people. Many people eat some {fruit; pears; apples} every day. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black like fruit very much and every Monday Mrs. Black goes to buy some fruit in the shop near her house. The man in the shop knows her well and helps a lot. She can buy all {kind; pieces; kinds} of fruit there, like apples, pears, oranges and bananas. In different time of the year the {prices; price; value} of each kind of fruit is not the {good; bad; same}, sometimes high, something low. Mrs. Black likes to buy cheap fruit. But Mr. Black likes bananas only. She buys bananas for him every week. She only buys cheap {fruit; goods; products} for herself."

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Have you heard about Grandparents Week？ This important community event began {as; with; in} a one day celebration in 2012 to commemorate National Grandparents Day. In 2014, the ACT Government expanded the program to a whole week to fully {capturing; capture; captures} the true worth of grandparents in all their various forms.

Grandparents Week is an annual event to honor and recognize the valuable contribution grandparents make, and the valuable role they play, in their families and the wider ACT community.

This year's festival includes an exciting range of events, programs and activities for young and old {plus; add; including} those in between! Sing some old time tunes or shake a move on the dance floor. Join a fun game of bowls or table tennis. Play your hand at cards. Attend a Senior Club Open Day. Partake in delicious morning teas. {Whoever; However; Whatever} your vintage there's something for everyone during Grandparents Week!

Does your community group have a great event or activity {out mind; in mind; of mind} for seniors？ Would you like to include it as part of the Grandparents Week 2016 program？

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It's very interesting to study names of different countries. Chinese names are different from foreign names. Once an English lady came to {look at; watch; visit} me. When I was introduced to her she said, “Glad to meet you, Miss Ping.” Then she gave me her name card with three words on itA、“Betty J. Black”. So I said, “Thank you, Miss Betty.” We looked at each other and laughed heartily. Later I found that the English people {put; brought; took} their family names last and the given names first, while their middles are not used very much. I explained to her that the Chinese family name {came; comes; put} first, the given name last, so she {would; could; should} never call me Miss Ping. She asked if we Chinese had a middle name. I told her we didn't. But people may often find three words on a Chinese name card. In this case the family name still comes first, the other words after it {is; was; are} a two-word given name. It is quite usual in China. My sister is Li Xiaofang. She has two words in her given name instead of just one like mine.

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Over the decade 2001–2010, an average of more than 700 natural and technological emergencies occurred globally every year, {affect; affecting; affected} approximately 270 million people and causing over 130 000 deaths annually. Twenty-five per cent of these emergencies, and 44 per cent of these deaths, occurred in less developed countries with limited capacities to prepare for and respond effectively {to; with; for} emergencies. These statistics do not include the high levels of mortality and morbidity associated with conflict-related emergencies. {Due to; Based on; According to} the World Bank, over 1.5 billion people live in countries affected by violent conflict. These populations suffer from the consequences of societal disruption and increases in mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases, acute malnutrition, trauma and complications from chronic diseases.

Over the same time period, risks to public health {have increased; has increased; increases} due to globalization, and international travel and trade. Such risks might be transmitted by people (e.g. SARS, influenza, polio, Ebola), goods, food, animals (e.g. zoonotic disease), vectors (e.g. dengue, plague, yellow fever), or the environment (e.g. radio-nuclear releases, chemical spills or other contamination).

In all types of emergencies, the poorest and most vulnerable people suffer disproportionately. These {positive; negative; affirmative} impacts are complicated by the enormity of the resulting economic costs, averaging over US$100 billion per year. The appropriate and timely management of these risks requires effective national and international capacities, intersectoral collaboration, the promotion of equity, the protection of human rights, and the advancement of gender equality.

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Joachim's vision is based on an idea called pleaching (编织), where tree branches are grown so that they naturally weave together. Since the growth patterns of trees are {effected; affected; attempted} by wind and sunlight, it may be possible to control the way a tree develops.

These Fabricated Tree House Habitats would use trees grown into shapes as housing. One of the {purposes; disadvantages; advantages} of these designs is that trees would not have to be cut down for lumber.

"A 100 percent treehouse would take years to create," Joachim said.{Depending on; Judging by; Protected from} the climate, a house could take anywhere from 5 to 30 years to grow. Fortunately, there's a way to speed up the process. Joachim suggests including ecological materials such as sod (草皮), grasses and living branches in the housing designs. "This material would be able to move as the house grows," Joachim said.

A home would become an actual ecosystem, a community of plants, animals, and bacteria working together. The trees would also give off water vapor that would assist in {cleaning; heating; cooling} the homes. Solar panels and wind would help provide energy. The tree homes might even have soil pockets, where plants could grow from the structure itself.

Work has already begun on Joachim's first design—a house made from 50 percent recycled and 50 percent living things. Joachim is confident about the {happiness; benefit; importance} of his work, as he uses natural products without destroying nature.

"The environment and its study are very important. We need to respect nature, don't take it for granted," he said.

B. Come on. Let's go.C. Boxing Day？D. Well, I see.E. Yes, indeed so.Zhang Hua and Peter are talking ab

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THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was{set up; set off; set forth}in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer network didn't work well. If one computer in the network{broke out; broke through; broke down} , then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through{another; the other; other}part. In this way computer network system would keep on working on the time.

At first the Internet was only used by the government, but in the early{nineteen seventy; 1970s; 1970}, universities，hospitals and banks were allowed to use it too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers became{more expensive; smaller; cheaper}and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made “surfing” in the Internet more convenient.

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Mary, the 17-year-old daughter of a rich textile(纺织品) owner was freed(释放) by her kidnappers(绑匪) after 118 days. She said she spent most of the time in a tent in the woods{with; and; although}one foot tied to a tree. She was freed late on Friday{so; after; unless}her family paid a total of $1.8 million, the largest ransom (赎金) ever paid in Italy.

“I was treated{good; bad; well},” the girl told the reporter during the interview, “Biscuits, cakes, often hot food and at times beef.” She said her nearly four months in trouble was spent in a tent set up in a wooded area.

“I never saw their faces and{when; that; which}they spoke, they changed their voices in nasal tones (speaking through nose passage) on purpose ,” she said. “They kept repeating that the only thing they wanted was the money and that they didn't want to have{nothing; something; anything}to do with me or my family.”

The high school student, who was seized by three face-covered and armed men on July 2, 1983 from her family's country villa in Tuscany, said she still had no idea where exactly she had been held.