All of us can change our behaviour to fit different situations

when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions (11) a comfortable mode of transportation，knowledge of the country's language，familiarity (12) the customs and habits of the people in the country，and pleasant traveling companions. All of US have had nice trips (13) this.

Most of us have also had trips that we would (14) to forget. Many conditions Can produce a bad traveling experience. For example，if the four conditions listed above do not exist，we will probably have a bad experience， (15) at best a difficult (16) . Students who travel to a foreign country to study often have a difficult trip. They usually travel alone. They don't know the language of the new country (17) . They often arrive in the new country (18) a huge international airport. From the airport，they need to find their way to their school. Maybe they need to change airplanes，to take a bus，a train，or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country (19) everything is unfamiliar. Later，after the experiences are over，they Can laugh. But at the (20) ，they feel terrible.

A. include

B. conclude

C. hold

D. contain

根据以下内容回答题：

One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is，of course，the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers，waves to us from eVery page of the newspaper，signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes messages to us in colored lights all night． Advertising has been among England’s biggest growth industries since the war．PerhaDs the reason is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer．At the stage of designing and developing a product，there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it．The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man．hours and machine telerances and stress fac-tors．so they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven wavs of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it，by pretending that it offers status，or attracts、love，or signifies manliness． Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their prodUCt．And manu．facturers hate change．The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever．If，therefore，for one reason or another，some alteration seems calied for—how much better to change the image，the packet or the pitch made by the product，rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself．

Which of the following can best describe the author‘s attitude toward modem advertising？

A.Interested．

B.Shocked．

C.Disapproving．

D.Approving.

Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 _eternal____ concept. It’s not at all like the killing of individuals lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27 _diminishing____ numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedies by some supernatural power. IT is rather an 28 __absolute____ and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations 29___succeed__ us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.

Not only are we bring about the extinction of life 30 _on a vast scale___, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. 31__As regards___ basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being 32_used up____ in a frenzy(疯狂) of processing, consuming , and 33_disposing____, but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial(地球上的) life depends.

The change that is taking place on earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural 34__modification______, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of 35__magnitude___

One of the most authoritative(权威的) voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. This type of voice dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mall consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.

Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this huge expenditure？

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal(讨好顾客的) to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in a favorable position.

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some changes seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

According to the passage modem advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.

A．influences our image of a special person

B．interferes with the quiet of home life

C．continually forces us into buying things

D．influences us no matter where we travel

189. What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now？ We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more—and eventually we shall need larger ones. This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair？ This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at. This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. [共5题]

(1) Future man is likely to be different from us ________.

(A) in quite a few ways (B) in almost every way

(C) in great many ways (D) in one or two ways

(2) The reason for believing that future man will be different is that man ________.

(A) began to change five hundred years ago

(B) never stops changing

(C) never stops growing

(D) has recently begun to change

(3) People’s heads will eventually grow larger. This is because their brains ________.

(A) will grow faster than at present

(B) will need more room than at present

(C) will play an important part

(D) will be in constant use

(4) Future man will probably ________.

(A) have bigger eyes (B) get weaker eyes

(C) see better (D) have to wear better glasses

(5) Future man’s hair will ________.

(A) grow darker (B) stop growing completely

(C) fall out more often (D) get longer

The passage tells us mat telecommuters change jobs less often and so______ .

A．they can get more work experience

B．they will have a longer paid holiday

C．their employers can save more money

D．their employers will give them a higher pay

advertisers. Its strident clamor dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and lashes messages to us in colored lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of lite successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.

Advertising has been among England' s biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all the fantastic expenditure？

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover.

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alternation seems called for as to how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money t6 something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for Medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does--" Run down？ You need..." "No one will dance with you？ A little of... will make you popular".

Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamppost--for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority, or, failing that, they will even by happy with the announcement. "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest tricks uncovered almost as much as anyone else.

According to the passage, modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.

A．influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like

B．interferes with the privacy of home life

C．continually forces us into buying things

D．distracts us no matter where we are

A.to feel

B.feel

C.feeling

D.felt

The challenges faced by all child protection caseworkers are obvious(1)is often not so obvious are the many rewards a caseworker career(2)People often ask(3)anybody in their right mind would want to be a child protection caseworker, habitually dealing(4)the most disadvantaged and troubled families in their community. Caseworkers routinely(5)disturbing cases of child abuse and neglect, and clients who are not cooperative. Being a caseworker means being an agent of positive change,(6)when the welfare sector is not just a job to you,(7)a professional vocation.

Child protection is a difficult and(8)career path to follow, but the rewards do exist. Many of our caseworkers choose this career path out of a desire to(9)to the community. To be part of a process can(10)change a family's life, and caseworkers may(11)their intervention equip a young person so that his or her future(12)are improved. Of course, this does not(13)with every intervention. But when it happens, it is a(n)(14)experience. And if you are wondering whether this experience makes the job worthwhile, the answer is YES!

A good indicator of how outside people(15)the caseworker career has been the feedback from university students. In 2006 there were 118 students on placements (实习) of caseworker career. Those students who completed their placements in child protection told us about the great(16)they have had to(17)theory to practice; the many chances of learning new skills and trying new tasks; the sound knowledge(18)through training; and how(19)becoming familiar with different welfare services was(20)their future career.

Text 3

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.

[A] can be modified in their courses

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs

A.Excuse me, do you exchange foreign currency？

B.Do you handle foreign exchange here？

C.I want to change the bag to a bigger one.

D.Can you change RMB into US dollars？