Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the

According to the third paragraph, the author tells us that older Americans ______.

A．have more job opportunities than young people

B．have new chances to remain active in society

C．live below the poverty line

D．no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement

ression; ________ is an angry book and shows a Hughes no longer able to contain his anger at the condition of the African Americans and the wretched poor.

A．lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changing

B．most American couples over 40 have no living parents

C．middle-aged Americans have to take care of their children and parents at the same time

D．elderly people may need care for a long time because they live longer after an illness

听力原文： People over the age of 65 in the U.S.A. are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren. Grandparents tend to live in their own houses or apartments away from their families.

For many senior citizens, the year after 65 is not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow olden If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety.

Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire.

The number of senior citizens in the U.S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country, both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.

How old are senior citizens？

A．People of 65 years old.

B．People over 65 years of age.

C．People between 60 and 65 years old.

D．Retired people.

people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren.

For many senior citizens, the year after 65 is not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. They lives losing meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older, If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety. Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families.

The number of senior citizens in the U. S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. Because of their large numbers and more active life Styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country, both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.

(30)

A．People of 65 years old.

B．People over 65 years old.

C．People between 60 and 65 years old.

D．Retired people.

The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.

Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming ore sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies, It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race？ First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.

Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because ______ .

A．an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies

B．shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies

C．the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U. S.

D．increased efforts of other countries in public relations

完形填空Ahhh, summer. Time to relax. You cannot have complete rest if you ___1___it too seriously. But taking vacations seriously is exactly___2___we Americans seem to do. In the same way our kids' free time is now packed with activities, we adults have turned vacations into "active leisure." Anytime you try very hard to relax, that's active leisure. Our vacations___3___with an agenda, a purpose. We're visiting family, attending weddings, going camping, and making sure we ride that roller coaster-no matter how long the line is. We Americans are so active in our leisure___4___we commonly complain we need a vacation from our vacations. We leave home___5___; we come back exhausted. That's why many of us have decided not to go. Americans are___6___a few vacation days (14 days, on average) compared with other developed countries, but ironically, we don't even use them. The average American will leave four vacation days on the table this year, which adds up to a total 574 million days of___7___vacation. Our relationship to relaxation seems contradictory. We spend more money than anyone else in the world on leisure-fully one-___8___of our income-and yet at the same time we are No. 1 in the world at not taking vacations. One of the top reasons given for not taking a vacation is that it's too much extra work. We have to get___9___of our work in order to leave, and then we have to catch up on our work upon our return. The longer the vacation we take, the bigger the stumbling blocks appear. So only 14% of Americans will take a vacation two weeks or longer this summer. Bottom linE、it's simply become too stressful to relax. We Americans take our time off so seriously that you can now get a Ph.D. in leisure studies at Penn State and 17 other famous universities. That's right-a doctorate, not just a bachelor's. It's such an up-and-coming field in academe that there is an actual shortage of___10___educators. We don't have enough people to teach leisure. I am tempted to make a joke about this, but I don't want to get the wrath of the leisure scientists. They'll beat me up with chairs.

1)

A、take

B、make

C、bake

D、cake

2)

A、this

B、that

C、what

D、which

3)

A、go

B、arrive

C、leave

D、come

4)

A、these

B、that

C、those

D、this

5)

A、tired

B、tire

C、tiring

D、tires

6)

A、give

B、giving

C、gave

D、given

7)

A、take

B、taken

C、untaken

D、took

8)

A、three

B、third

C、thirds

D、thirty

9)

A、ahead

B、out

C、rid

D、clear

10)

A、qualify

B、qualification

C、qualifies

D、qualified

loyees did in 1979．They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979．It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they？ A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday, At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker’s activities with him. What did they find out？ They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant (多余的) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.

(76)Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.

A group of headhunters (猎头) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job．For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the Same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job．The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend mote time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.

However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率) is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the Solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.

What is the main idea of this passage？

A．Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.

B．Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.

C．Most Americans work 80 hours a week and some work even longer.

D．People can make more money by working longer hours.

loyees did in 1979．They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979．It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they？ A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday, At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker’s activities with him. What did they find out？ They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant (多余的) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.

(76)Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.

A group of headhunters (猎头) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job．For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the Same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job．The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend mote time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.

However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率) is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the Solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.

What is the main idea of this passage？

A．Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.

B．Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.

C．Most Americans work 80 hours a week and some work even longer.

D．People can make more money by working longer hours.

ons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

According to a recent survey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employee did in 1979. It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they？ A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday. At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker’s activities with him. What did they find out？ They discover that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant （多余的）telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.

(76) Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.

A group of headhunters （猎头）were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job. For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.

However, the connection between time and productivity （生产率） is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are nor willing to spend so much extra, unproductively time at the office. Once they finish their work satisfactory, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the solution is find a company that encourages people to do both.

1. What is the main idea of this passage？

A Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.

B Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.

C Most Americans work 80 hours a week, and some work even longer.

D People can make more money by working longer hours.