International airlines have rediscovered the business travelers, the man or woman who regu

One criticism against many international airlines is that they have ______.

A．catered for the more wealthy people

B．given preferential treatment to executive clients

C．only met the needs of the regular traveler

D．marketed their service with the quantity of the travelers in mind

The Operation of International Airlines

International airlines have rediscovered (重新发现) the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.

Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.

It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies (破产) were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition (卡脖子竞争) driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.

Against this grim (严酷) background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.

Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch — the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night's sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.

The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably (遗憾地), there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.

Although it is the airlines' intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler — the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.

Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines？

A．They do not book their seats in advance.

B．They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.

C．They do not travel on the flight they have booked.

D．They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.

larly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not 【C1】______ mean that airlines ever 【C2】______ their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always 【C3】______ best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be 【C4】______ of concentrating too heavily in the recent past 【C5】______ attracting passengers by volume, often at the 【C6】______ of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity 【C7】______ than quality. Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a 【C8】______ of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill 【C9】______ the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay 【C10】______ more for their tickets.

It is no 【C11】______ that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies 【C12】______ in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights 【C13】______ viable (可行的), and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling (争夺) for the 【C14】______ passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat 【C15】______ driving down fares has been to push some airlines into 【C16】______ and leave many others hovering on the 【C17】______

Against this grim background, 【C18】______ is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly 【C19】______ the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have 【C20】______ much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

【C1】

A．importantly

B．necessarily

C．fundamentally

D．essentially

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

International airlines have rediscovered the business travelers, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be accused of concentrating too heavily recently on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.

Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.

It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut4hroat competition driving down fares has been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.

Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.

One criticism against many international airlines is that they have ______.

A．catered for the more wealthy people

B．given preferential treatment to executive clients

C．only met the needs of the regular traveler

D．marketed their service with the quantity of the travelers in mind

mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers, but many airlines were accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the business traveler.

Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.

It is no coincidence that the recent two major airlines bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable; and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has reduced. Equally the large number of airliners jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity; the net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares has been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.

Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return; they have invested much time and effort to establish exactly the executive's demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

High on the list of priorities is punctuality. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are other parts of the attention. First-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats.

The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little that the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which upsets and frustrates passengers of all classes.

Although it is the airlines' intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would do nothing to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler--the habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home on one of several flights. As a result, the airlines throw away empty seats, which cannot be resold. Some airlines have attempted to prevent the practice by offering discounts to passengers who travel on their booked flight. But this inevitably means that the structure of air fares, already highly complex, becomes even more baffling.

One criticism against many international airlines is that they have, in the recent past,

A．abandoned their business travelers.

B．contended with each other for the available passengers.

C．given preferential treatment to executive passengers.

D．marketed their services with masses in mind.

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

International airlines have rediscovered the business travelers, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be accused of concentrating too heavily recently on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.

Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.

It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares has bean to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.

Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money, In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.

One criticism against many international airlines is that they have ______.

A．catered for the more wealthy people

B．given preferential treatment to executive clients

C．only met the needs of the regular traveler

D．marketed their service with the quantity of the travelers in mind

larly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not【62】mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers.【63】, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always【64】best for the executive-class passengers.【65】many lines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past【66】attracting passengers by volume, often at the【67】of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity【68】than quality.

Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a(n)【69】of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with passengers paying a【70】fare, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay【71】more for their tickets.

It is no【72】that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies【73】in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable (可行的), and in the recent recession the【74】of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling (争夺) for the【75】passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cutthroat【76】driving down fares has been to push some airlines into【77】and leave many others hovering on the【78】.

Against this grim background,【79】is no surprise that airlines are【80】increasingly to the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have【81】much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

(63)

A．completely

B．necessarily

C．remarkably

D．essentially