By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ic

听力原文： By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861- 1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox -- a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

Which of the following led to the growth of ice trade according to the passage？

A．The growth of the American population.

B．The expansion of cities.

C．The change of the diet of ordinary citizens.

D．The increasing need for food.

In the mid-nineteenth century, slaves often

A．marked their birthdays by the season.

B．did not really care how old they were.

C．forgot the exact time when they were born.

D．pretended not to know each other's birthdays.

In the mid-nineteenth century, slaves often______.

A．marked their birthdays by the season.

B．did not really care how old they were.

C．forgot the exact time when they were born.

D．pretended not to know each other's birthdays.

In the mid-nineteenth century, slaves often______.

A．marked their birthdays by the season.

B．did not really care how old they were.

C．forgot the exact time when they were born.

D．pretended not to know each other's birthdays.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The influence of ice on the diet.

B．The development of refrigeration.

C．The transportation of goods to market.

D．Sources of ice in the nineteenth century.

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？

A．Ice began to affect the diet of ordinary citizens from the mid-nineteenth century.

B．Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now think.

C．The knowledge of the physics of heat was accurate in the early nineteenth century.

D．One advantage of Thomas Moore's icebox was keeping his produce cool.

It can be learned that the types of entertainment of mid-nineteenth century

A．have become increasingly popular among scholars since the 80's.

B．were so sophisticated that audiences couldn't understand.

C．actually involved very little actual fraud and double consciousness.

D．discouraged people from suspecting their perceptions.