Sleep Deficit（不足)Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that

听力原文： Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the United States. The beginning of this sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of light bulb a century ago. In the 18th or 19th century, the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. The best sleep habits were forced on people of that time, because it was dark and people had nothing to do in the evening on the farm.

By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically to between 7.5 and 8 hours on average. Most people had to wake to an alarm clock. People cheat on their sleep, but they don't realize they are doing it. They think they are OK because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressure from work, study and family, etc. mounts, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. In the United States, one is considered dynamic if he says he only needs 5 hours' sleep, whereas if he has to get 8.5 hours, people think he lacks drive and ambition.

The consequences of sleep deficit are obvious. When researchers put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests, they found that people in sleep deficit showed weakened short-term memory as well as poor abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.

(22)

A．Because they had no ambition.

B．Because they had a good sleep habit.

C．Because they had nothing to do.

D．Because there was no electric lighting.

听力原文： Judging from the recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit recording and others can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they're okey because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.0 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition."

(33)

A．Americans are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life.

B．Americans often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit.

C．Americans don't know how to relax themselves properly.

D．Americans can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep.

an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting 【C1】______ sleep than they ought to." says Dr. David. 【C2】______ people who think they are Sleeping enough would probably be better 【C3】______ with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be 【C4】______ to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal 【C5】______ from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the 【C6】______ that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were 【C7】______ on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced 【C8】______ , to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even 【C9】______ they're doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they're okay because they can get 【C10】______ on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally 【C11】______ "

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the 【C12】______ of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community 【C13】______ , many people consider sleep the least 【C14】______ item on the agenda. "In our soci-ety, you're considered 【C15】______ it' you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If yon say you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack 【C16】______ and ambition."

To assess the 【C17】______ of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects 【C18】______ a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're sleep-deprived, performance 【C19】______ ," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is impaired, 【C20】______ are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

【C1】

A．less

B．more

C．little

D．much

an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it." says Dr. David. "They think they are okay, because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to sleep 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition."

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had ______.

A．no drive or ambition

B．no electric light

C．the best sleep habits

D．nothing to do in the evening

an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it," says Dr David. "They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous."

Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. When ever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition."

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 5 hours a night because they had ______.

A．no drive and ambition

B．no electric lighting

C．the best sleep habits

D．something to do in the evening

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr. David, "even people who think they are sleeping enough would properly be better off with more rest."

The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it." Says Dr. David. "They think they're ok because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition."

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 5 hours a night because they had ______.

A．no drive and ambition

B．no electric lighting

C．the best sleep habits

D．nothing to do in the evening

Judging from the context, the author's career is most probably ______.

A．an entertainer

B．an actor

C．a singer

D．a writer

perts in sleep behavior. agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足) crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’re got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”

第31题：People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had ________.

A) no drive and ambition

B) no electric lighting

C) the best sleep habits

D) nothing to do in the evening

Judging from the context, itching (line 3, para 2) most probably means______.

A．afraid

B．willing

C．reluctant

D．eager