The air surrounding us is important to everyone. Without air, we could not （1） Everyone

A.surrounds

B.surrounding

C.to surround

D.is surrounding

The moisture equilibrium chart can be used to determine the ______．

A.Absolute moisture content of the air surrounding a hygroscopic cargo when moisture equilibrium exists

B.Dew point temperature that the air surrounding a hygroscopic commodity will have when in moisture equilibrium with that commodity

C.Enthalpy of the air surrounding a hydroscopic cargo which is in moisture equilibrium with the cargo

D.Temperature at which moisture equilibrium will occur in a cargo hold containing a hygroscopic cargo

A、surround

B、surrounded

C、surrounding

D、surrounds

A. The exterior surrounding air is heated。

B. The windows must be cleaned daily.

C. Construction time is increased.

D. Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.

A．They emit more CO2 than normal people

B．The air surrounding them are much warmer than others

C．They drink alcohol

D．They emit more heat than people around

We may conclude from reading the passage that ______.

A．a hovercraft can not fly high because of the surrounding high-pressure air

B．a hovercraft is as much in use as a plane

C．a hovercraft "flies" with a greater speed than ships

D．a hovercraft also has the problem of wave resistance

Smart Window

Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.

"It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.

Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.

Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.

Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.

One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory. " All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different. "

Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs？

A．Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.

B．Windows help to save energy by letting light in.

C．Windows help to save energy by providing heat.

D．Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

In the late 1960's many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems，and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers(摩天楼)were widely criticized. Scientists pointed out that blocks of tall buildings in a city often overburdens. public transportation and parking lot capacities.

Skyscrapers are also big consumers，and wasters，of electric power. In one recent year. the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120，000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany，New York，for a day.

Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical brick wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment，builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed(装上玻璃的)panels of glass，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However. mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.

Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation(卫生)facilities，too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw wastes each year-as much as a city the size of Stamford，Connecticut，which has a population of more than 109，000.

Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception，block bird flyways，and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960's，some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common.

Still，people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them-personal ambition(抱负)pride，and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.

The main purpose of the passage is to______.

A. compare skyscrapers with other modem structures

B. describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment

C. advocate the use of masonry(化妆舞会)in the construction of skyscrapers

D. illustrate some architectural designs of skyscrapers

Export shipping-Modes of transportation

When faced with the decision of selecting a mode of transportation, the exporter has five basic types available from which to choose, depending, of course, upon the geographicalproximity[1] of the countries of export and import: ocean, air, rail, truck, and inland water. A sixth alternative is pipeline which transports very specialized products. The choice between available methods of transportation is usually determined by a combination of cost , time , and security.

Ocean transportation is by far the most dominant mode of international transportation , and air transport is the most " glamorous" and fastest growing. The significance of the other basic types of international transportation varies depending upon the countries involved. For example,rail and truck shipments do not constitute a significant portion of the export transactions of the United States, except perhaps for those that involve buyers in Canada. In contrast,these transport modes carry large amounts of export goods among the countries of Europe. Similarly,inland waterways are not important carriers of goods between countries except in Europe where waterways such as the Rhine and Danube rivers carry large amounts of goods among the countries through which they flow. Often the use of these relatively less important modes of transport depends upon the nature of specific products in unique geographic situations. The use of trucks to haul fresh produce from northem Mexico to the United States illustrates this practice.

Ocean transportation is widely used because it is a relatively low-cost way to transport goods, and it can easily handle large shipments. In addition, certain geographic conditions may make it impossible to use overland transportation to some foreign markets andinfeasible[2] to use it to others.

Many diverse types of products are being transported to foreign markets by air in large volume-computers, office machines, electrical and electronic equipment, automobile parts, television sets,pharmceuticals[3], certain metal manufactures, and wearing apparel to name but a few. Thus , even with existing technology, it is evident that air cargo movements are no longer confined to fast shipments of emergency supplies, goods of high value , (for example ,jewel) and perishable products (for example , fresh flowers) , although it is widely used for such products. Not only is time in transit reduced from a minimum of 10 days to a few hours, but also less handling and simpler packing requirements are involved.

Time in transit is but one of the so-called hidden costs that may be relevant. For example,concerning time in transit and the ability to put a f'acility to use sooner (thus avoiding lost sales) ,a West German company bought 230hosiery-knitting machines[4] from a US manufacturer. The machines were shipped by air at a cost of USD 224 per unit which was considerably greater than the ocean rate of USD37. 80 per unit. Delivery time was shortened by 10 days giving the Cerman manuf'acturer the opportunity to produce 207 000 pairs of hosiery, which apparently offset the transportation cost.

Small shipments may be sent by intemational parcel post, air parcel post, or air couner service rather than pay the higher minimum bill of lading charges for ocean freight or air shipment. While larger shipments are charged on the basis of weight or measurement,very small shipments are charged a set flat fee because of the costs involved in documentation and handling.

The method of transportation is usually selected by the importer. The route selected for the export shipment may be determined by either the exporter or the importer. In practice , the importer should indicate the route he or she thinks is most desirable. The final selection of the exact route,however,should generally be left to thediscretion[5] of the exporter, since the exporter is more fully acquainted with conditions surrounding the shipment in the country from which it is sent, and particularly the immediate conditions at time of shipment.

[1]接近

[2]不可行的

[3]医药的

[4]针织品编织机

[5]判断力

Questions for reading :

e spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS—Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome—was 【31】______ for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, 【32】______ since then has infected more than 1,600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this 【33】______ , there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease. Symptoms start 【34】______ a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body 【35】______. Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might 【36】______ to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require 【37】______ ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms 【38】______ begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it 【39】______ take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to 【40】______ a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence 【41】______ antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, 【42】______ doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of 【43】______ . Scientists aren't sure yet, but some researchers think it's a 【44】______ discovered corona virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds. Most cases appear to have been passed 【45】______ droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care 【46】______ them have been most likely to 【47】______ the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the 【48】______ might spread through air, or that the virus might 【49】______ for two to three hours on doorknobs or other 【50】______ . Health experts say it is unlikely, though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.

A．detected

B．caught

C．disclosed

D．revealed