conservative means being opposed to great or sudden change.（)

By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that ________.

[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly

[B] then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded

[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss

[D] the data collected so far are out of date

By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that

A. fishing technology has improved rapidly B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D. the data collected so far are out of date.

onomic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good--a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or as a means to self-fulfillment or self- improvement. Over and over again the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.

The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared as early as in the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englander, this meant that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.

In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schools emphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches and the coffee or ale houses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally as a reading of certain Federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form. of unum (one out of many used on the Great Seal of the U. S. and on several U. S. coins) for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first fifty years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues--especially of New England--of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.

According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as ______.

A．a religious obligation

B．a private matter

C．a matter of individual choice

D．a political necessity

that you don't see, isn't it？ Many Americans spend money that isn't even there and get deeper and deeper in debt. Why do so many people spend more than they have？ "Buy now, pay later" has become an American way of life. Recently, American households spent nearly 11 billion dollars more than they earned, creating a negative saving rate.

There are two ideas—one, living within your means, and the idea that living on debt is a great equalizer(平衡装置). They both have validity because it is important that someone live within their means over their lifetime. When people are young and they are earning money, but they have very little savings, they almost have to borrow in order to own a house or own a car. But as they grow older, they should develop the habit of saving, so that by the time they reach the end of their earning life, they have savings to live on in retirement, and live within their means.

"Buy now, pay later" worked very well for us in the 1990s, but one suspects it won't work forever. The only thing that concerns me is that Americans are so contented, so optimistic, so unconcerned about any bumps in the road that many American households, not all of them, but many American households are very heavily extended in personal credit, a lot of credit card debt. People are paying very high prices for houses and borrowing heavily against those prices; and if we do run into a bump in the road, a recession, there are going to be a lot of households, not all of them, but many households that Ml be severely squeezed. That means we're more vulnerable to serious financial distress than Japan is. Japan has been in financial distress for ten years, but one reason it's been able to weather that is that the households had been very conservative, had a lot of savings, were very liquid, and were able to weather difficult times. And many American households would now be less able to do that because they are so heavily in debt.

We know from the passage that credit cards

A．make Americans get deeper and deeper in debt

B．are likely to be abandoned by more Americans

C．will soon become a symbol of American life

D．will help solve potential financial problems

between marketing and selling.Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible.Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers.It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them.This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的)or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company.There are always two sides to every business transaction the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs.Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers.A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink.The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new King Customer ruled!

1.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ____________.

A.the practice of turning goods into money

B.making goods available for purchase

C.the customer-centred approach

D.a form. of persuasive salesmanshi

2.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted？（）

A.The needs of the market

B.The efficiency of production

C.The satisfaction of the user

D.The preferences of the dealer

3.According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible” (Lines 3-4, Para.I) means “_______________”.

A.to sell the largest possible amount of goods

B.to transport goods as efficiently as possible

C.to dispose of these goods in large quantities

D.to redesign these goods for large-scale production

4.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate？（）

A.Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people

B.It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public

C.Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please

D.Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer

5.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on ___________.

A.its main characteristic

B.its social impact

C.its possible consequence

D.its theoretical basis

A.alternative

B.defective

C.imperative

D.conservative

A.conserve

B.conservation

C.conservative

A.（相关联的）

B.（敏感的，易受伤害的）

C.（准确）

D.（保守）

A、That

B、What

A.conserving

B.conservative

C.conserve

D.conservancy