题目
(Vivisection) The author praises the victory of vivisection as a great advance in the triumph of utilitarianism.()
第1题
(Vivisection) The author dismisses the question of how much cruelty there is in laboratories because it is not important at all. ()
第2题
第3题
(Vivisection) Protest against vivisection used to be strong, but today no one dare show any opposition. ()
第4题
第5题
summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
comment on whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or not
You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation
As the experimentation on animals increased, especially the practice of vivisection, so did criticism and controversy. In 1655, the advocate of Galenic physiology Edmund O'Meara said that "the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state." O'Meara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection, rendering results unreliable. There were also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefit to humans did not justify the harm to animals. Early objections to animal testing also came from another angle — many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied to humans.
On the other side of the debate, those in favor of animal testing held that experiments on animals were necessary to advance medical and biological knowledge. Claude Bernard — who is sometimes known as the " prince of vivisectors" and the father of physiology, and whose wife, Marie Frangoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 — famously wrote in 1865 that "the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen . Arguing that experiments on animals ...are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man ... the effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree, Bernard established animal experimentation as part of the standard scientific method.
第6题
A.0.39 AU、0.72 AU、1.00 AU、1.52 AU
B.0.25 AU、0.51 AU、1.00 AU、2.02 AU
C.0.14 AU、0.61 AU、1.00 AU、1.23 AU
D.0.83 AU、1.22 AU、1.78 AU
为了保护您的账号安全,请在“赏学吧”公众号进行验证,点击“官网服务”-“账号验证”后输入验证码“”完成验证,验证成功后方可继续查看答案!