The living conditions there were hard; they had so much （).A、to put upB、for putting upC

A.standards

B.levels

C.condition

D.quality

A．The three of them were all language majors

B．Steve and Jim were more alike in character

C．The author didn't enjoy talking with Steve

D．Their living condition was rather poor

it. Appetite is the ______ of living; it is one of the ______ that tell you that you are still______to exist. That you still have an _____ on your longings and want to ____into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and ___. By appetite, I don’t mean just the _____ for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire.

bite, hatred

One of the major ___1___in life is appetite, and one of our major ___2____should be to___3__ it. Appetite is the ____4__ of living; it is one of the ___5___ that tell you that you are still____6___to exist. That you still have an ___7___ on your longings and want to __8__into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and __9__. By appetite, I don’t mean just the __10___ for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire.

e【C3】______of money or purchasing power decreases. There arc three important causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to【C4】______a war or carry【C5】______social programs, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenue, thus creating a deficit. In order to【C6】______this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply【C7】______the money supply by issuing more paper money to【C8】______the debts of government. This increase in the money supply will cause the value of the dollar to【C9】______decrease. The second cause of inflation occurs when the money supply increases faster than the supply of goods.【C10】______people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods【C11】______televisions and computers, for example, and a shortage will result. Industry will then produce more, at higher prices, to【C12】______demand.【C13】______, if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high【C14】______rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that workers, wages【C15】______to【C16】______the high cost of living, industry will meet this demand and add other costs of production on to the【C17】______.【C18】______summary, all of these causes can【C19】______inflationary problems that can affect the welfare of a nation. However, of these three causes,【C20】______government spending may be the most important.

【C1】

A．this

B．which

C．that

D．what

he influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in determining what kind of people we are.

It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.

Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable(稳定的). And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and casual.

But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate—the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age？ Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open character？ Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their habitual drinking of the cow blood？

We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something beneficial to humankind may eventually result from such studies.

The author's purpose of writing this passage is to ______.

A．alert readers to the scarcity of natural resources

B．call for more research on the influence of geographical environment

C．introduce different elements in character cultivation

D．draw more attention to the health condition of mankind

rious risk of major failure or breakdown" and "unfit for purpose", a secret database obtained after a legal battle by the Guardian reveals.

Some of the most popular, high-ranking institutions, such as the London School of Economics, had 41% of their lecture theatres and classrooms deemed unsuitable for current use, while Imperial College London had 12% of its non-residential buildings branded "inoperable". At City University, 41% of the student apartments were judged unfit for purpose.

Universities argue they have spent hundreds of millions in freshening them up since the judgments were made two years ago and use some of the buildings for storage purposes only.

The government agency that holds the information, the Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce), was forced to reveal it after an information tribunal(资讯法庭) ruled in the Guardian's favour, agreeing that it was in the public's interest for the data to be made public.

Hefce is thought to have spent up to ￡50,000 trying to conceal the data from the Guardian, which requested it two and a half years ago. The newspaper's lawyer, Aidan Eardley, said the case would make it harder for government agencies to withhold information in future.

The database, which aims to help universities compare the condition of their estate with their competitors, shows more than 90% of higher education institutions had at least 10% of their buildings judged below the "sound and operationally safe" category. One in 10 institutions had at least 10% of their estate judged inoperable and at serious risk of major breakdown.

Universities employ surveyors to judge the condition of their estate according to four categories: as new; sound and operationally safe; operational but in need of major repair and inoperable; posing a serious risk of major failure and breakdown. The surveyors also record whether buildings are suitable for student living, teaching and learning under four more categories, from "excellent" to "unsuitable for current use".

Property consultants who advise universities said that, at its most extreme, buildings deemed inoperable could break fire regulations, have leaks and rot.

In the "legal battle", it was ruled by court that ______.

A．many universities had buildings at serious risk

B．the risk of university buildings should be revealed

C．the Guardian mustn't interfere in university administration

D．universities should improve the quality of their buildings

Student Housing Options

The decision about where to live while studying at tertiary(第三的，第三位的) level can have a major influence on a student's chance of success. It is important that particular need, such as security, a quiet place to study, and a convenient location, are taken into consideration before a choice is made. Four of the various options available to students are discussed below.

1. Halls of Residence

Residential college accommodation at a university provides small rooms, usually single study/bedroom, for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. Most have shared bathrooms, and all meals and linen are usually included. However, meals are chosen by the catering staff, and meal time strictly adhered to. In addition to basic residence fees, most universities make minor additional charges for items such as registration fees, damage deposit, and power charges. College accommodation is limited, and there are always waiting lists—it is especially popular with first year students since it is an excellent way to meet people, and travel expenses are minimized. Also, if a student intends to return home during vacations, costs can be reduced, since payment is only for weeks spent living on campus.

2. Private Rental Accommodation

A single student can either move into an existing household or establish one with friends or acquaintance. Rent and expenses such as bond, electricity, gas, and telephone are shared equally among the people living in the household. Buying food and cooking is done either individually or on a group basis. Each person is expected to help clean and tidy the shared living space, that is, the kitchen, bathroom, and living room. Each is responsible for cleaning his or her own room and doing the washing. A student with a partner and/or children may wish to bear the full cost in preference to a shared accommodation arrangement.

For the first time renters there are many pitfalls(陷阱，阴谋), but there is much that can he done to avoid disaster. First, consider the desirability of the many types of shared accommodation options. For instance, non-smokers and vegetarians should probably not consider living with a smoker who eats meat. Students moving out of their parents' home usually take domestic labor for granted, but, nobody likes living with a person who refuses to do his or her share of the housework.

The next step is to choose a suitable area. Rents vary according to the number of rooms, condition, and location of the property. Most students want to live either close to their institution, or within easy reach of the city. Preferences should be guided by the amount of money available to spend on rent, and access to existing transport. The best place to start looking is on notice boards around universities and colleges, or in the windows of coffee shops nearby. Students often advertise for housemates, and those seeking accommodation should advertise their situation too. Local real estate agents often provide a share service, although there is usually a significant fee. A last resort would be the "To Let" or "Share Accommodation" sections of the weekend newspaper.

A small number of flats and houses are available through the university or college housing offices, but most are found through local real estate agents. Unfortunately, there is no cheap way to move into a house or flat. When renting, it is usually required to sign a six-month lease, and pay rent in advance plus a refundable bond. It is important to make allowances for these establishment costs, and to include the purchase price of furniture bond and connection fee, electricity or gas connection fees, furniture, utensils, food appliances, and so on. Even moving into an established house can cost more money than students first imagine. Find out about all the extra costs before signing a lease and committing oneself. Moving out before the end of the lease period

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

truth is far from flint, says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "There is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.

Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the ex pense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings dipped by skyrocketing housing costs.

Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "It's ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over 15athrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Tureo, 24, has been home three times--and left three limes. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends' house."

Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on？ Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure". And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.

According to the author, there was once a trend in the U. S. ______.

A．for young adults to leave their parents and live independently

B．for middle class young adults to stay with their parents

C．for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence

D．for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents

Procrastination(犹豫不决) is a disease of the mind. A scientific study in recent years has shown that it is a close relative of sadness and attention disorder; that procrastinators tend to be the result of low self-confidence and are likely to experience anxiety.

The research has shown, what is more, that the illness has become quite common. Susan Robert, a behavioral psychologist who has written a book called Living With Procrastination., says that about a quarter of the adult population of the United States and Canada is reported to have serious problems with procrastination. " when we say 'serious' we mean people for whom procrastination causes great discomfort and suffering. We 've found that such people are more troubled by daily life than others, that possibility of anxieiy is much higher among them than in the rest of the population.

In a society driven by achievement, it is little wonder that not being able to work at full steam will bring people sadness. Surely, in the land of opportunity, this anxiety has produced an industry of experts offering solutions. Many books and specialist solutions have appeared. In exchange for $19. 95, Dr. Jerome Murray will send out an audio-cassette called "Protect your future from the thief of procrastination. " Dr. Murray promises that if you follow his step-by-step rules you will be empowered to "turn self-defeat into self-realization". "Since the start of the 1990s, procrastination has been taken more and more seriously , " said Dr. Roberts, who has been treating patients troubled by the condition for more than 20 years. "It is now recognized as a true mental heath problem and is being seen more as a psychological problem and less as a moral issue.

What is the main topic of this passage？

A．Don't hesitate to give up smoking.

B．Don't regard depression as not important.

C．Delay can be a sign of illness.

D．Don't work too hard to stay healthy.

e is probation, a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdictions but that essentially involves the suspension of sentence on the of fender subject to the condition that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer and possibly agrees to comply with such other requirements as the court many think appropriate. Usually, if the offender complies with the probation officer and commits no further offense while it is in force, no other penalty is imposed, but if he breaks the requirement of the order or commits another offense, he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense as well as the later one. In many U. S. states. probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance; in England the sentence is not fixed in advance, and the court has complete discretion if there is a breach to sentence the offender for the original crime in light of his tater behaviour. English law allows suspended sentence of of imprisonment for a specified period (not more than two years), on condition that tile offender commit no further offense during the period of suspension. This is different from a probation order, as no supervision is required and no other conditions may be included in the order.

Other alternatives to prison are based on the idea of preventing an offender from committing further offenses, without necessarily confining him in a prison. The most familiar power of this kind is that of disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle or from holding a driver's license. This power is available under the laws of most countries to deal with those offenders who either commit serious driving offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, or who commit repeated but less serious offenses, such as speeding. In many countries there exists a system in which the offender is awarded a number of points each time he commits a motoring offense; when the number of points accumulated reaches a certain figure, he is automatically disqualified for a specified period. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving those offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offender from committing further such offenses. Although attractive in the abstract, this seldom works well in practice, as the absence of a driver’s license may well prevent an offender from finding work after release from prison; as a result he may be likely to commit further crimes. Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes: a fraudulent company director may be disqualified from being involved in the direction of a company, a corrupt politician may be disqualified from holding public office, or a parent who sexually abuses his children may be deprived of parental authority over them.

The first paragraph is primarily about ______.

A．ways of dealing with offenders

B．the probation system

C．the suspension of sentence on the offender

D．the suspended sentence of imprisonment