Had the damage been worse, the insurance company ____ more.

Had the damage been worse, the insurance company ______.

A.would pay

B.paid

C.had paid

D.would have paid

A has been caused

B had been caused

C will be caused

D will have been caused

A．which they supposed

B．which they supposed that

C．they supposed that

D．that they supposed which

The fire was finally brought under control, ___________ extensive damage had been caused.

A) before B) since C) after D) as

材料：

The carrier who does not pack a container cannot determine the sufficiency of packing of individual cartons within the container．Thus the carrier is not estopped from proving the insufficiency of packing of the GOODs within the container stuffed and sealed by the shipper，even where the carrier has issued a clean bill of lading．

The principle of estoppel only applies to the apparent order and condition of the exterior of the container．The carrier has no duty to inspect the cargo of the shipper-packed container，unless its packaging is apparently inadequate or the shipper has given the carrier special instructions as to the special requirements of the cargo．This view places the burden of inspection and ascertainment of special stowage needs on the party most likely to know of or best equipped to discover such needs．

Both the condition of the container and the packing of the individual objects inside are important．The condition of the container supplied by a shipper may preclude recovery by cargo interests in various situations，for example，where the container&39;s insufficient ventilation causes the GOODs to spoil．

Improper packing of objects（e.g．defective“stuffing”of GOODs into a container）may also constitute a case of insufficiency of packing by the shipper．For example，antiques，furniture，porcelain and crystal had been shipped in containers．The porcelain and crystal which had been packed in cartons suffered no damage，but the furniture and antiques which had only been wrapped in paper were damaged. The carrier was not held responsible as the packing was deemed to be insufficient．

问题：

If the carrier has issued a clean bill of lading for the general cargo on board of his ship，he will be ________．

A.precluded from recovery of any loss or damage from any interests

B.prevented from making a denial that the cargo was packed in apparently GOOD order and condition

C.entitled to make any allegation that contradicts what he has previously stated that the cargo was properly packed

D.estopped from proving the sufficiency of packing of the GOODs

It is inferred that this passage prepared to protect the interests of ________．A.the shipper

B.the supplier of containers

C.the cargo interests

D.the carrier

It is implied in the passage that ________．A.the carrier will not be responsible for the damage to a cargo contained in a container supplied by the carrier

B.the carrier will in no way be responsible for the damage to a cargo contained in a container supplied by the shipper

C.the carrier will be estopped from proving the insufficiency of packing of the GOODs within the container stuffed and sealed by the shipper even he has issued a clean bill of lading

D.by the principle of estoppel，the carrier will not be held responsible even the cargoes，such as antiques，furniture，porcelain and crystal，had been shipped in one container

The insufficient ventilation of a container supplied by a shipper that causes the GOODs to spoil may preclude recovery ________．A.by the cargo interests against the carrier

B.by the carrier against the owners

C.by the shipper against cargo interests

D.by the carrier against the cargo interests

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

lic opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.

Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.

Court decisions always went against railroad workers. A Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman's negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchman acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.

In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury's decision because it argued that the railroad's negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.

As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads— against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness toward individuals.

Which of the following is NOT true in Farwell's case？

A．Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.

B．Farwell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful.

C．The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly taken his job.

D．The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.

The Building of the Pyramids

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.【46】 There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.

Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modem buildings.【47】. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. 【48】. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.【49】. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly cleat picture of them.

One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.【50】 You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.

A. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.

B. It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramid because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.

C. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.

D. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.

E. Many people were killed while building the pyramids.

F. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.

(46)

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

The Building of the Pyramids

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that __________ (46). There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.＜br＞

Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, __________ (47). The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape __________ (48). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.＜br＞

It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids __________ (49).＜br＞

However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless,by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.＜br＞

One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning __________ (50). The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.＜br＞

Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.＜

第46题___________ 查看材料

A.for stone to use in modem buildings

B.has made them less likely to fall into ruin

C.before they could begin to build

D.because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved

E.while building the pyramids

F.they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet

材料：

Intention can be inferred in many ways by the courts．Thus the discharge at Cadiz instead of Bombay“for nefarious reasons”was an unreasonable deviation．A transshipment was declared to be an unreasonable deviation “since no excuse has been proffered for the deviation．” A geographic deviation abrogated the contract because“there can be no suggestion that the deviation was other than voluntary．”

On the other hand，where the court was unable to find that a defendant&39;s action constituted“a voluntary deviation without reasonable cause，” the defendant was exculpated of liability．The vast majority of decisions require that intention be proved in cases of deviation and quasi-deviation．The carrier has the burden of proving that it had no intention to deviate or that the deviation was not for the carrier&39;s sole benefit．

Accordingly，a geographic deviation due to an erroneous change of course by the master is not a deviation，but an error in navigation；in such a case，the carrier is protected under the Rules．If，however，the master is ordered to alter the customary or planned route，or deliberately takes it upon himself to do so，for a reason other than to save persons or cargo（or some similar reason），then the course alteration is an unreasonable deviation，because it is intentional and for the carrier&39;s own benefit．

nefarious，邪恶的，穷凶极恶的

proffer，提出

abrogate，使作废

问题：

If the carrier has proved that he had no intention to deviate or that the deviation was not for his sole benefit ________．

A.he will be exculpated of liability

B.he is to investigate the case further

C.he will not be exculpated of liability

D.he has to contact with the shipper to see if he himself is free of any liability

A geographic deviation due to an erroneous change of course by the master ________．A.is not a reasonable deviation

B.is not an error in navigation

C.is a reasonable deviation

D.can not be determined if it constitutes a reasonable deviation

Where the court is unable to find that a defendant's action constituted “a voluntary deviation without reasonable cause，”________．A.the defendant will not be responsible for the loss and damage

B.the defendant will be responsible for the loss and damage

C.if the defendant be responsible for the loss and damage can not be determined

D.the court should not make any decision

An unreasonable deviation must be committed by the master ________．A.intentionally

B.for the carrier's own benefit

C.intentionally and for the carrier's own benefit

D.reasonably

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

__________ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

A) By B) On C) At D) For