Even talented scientists have no way to precisely forecast the future. （英译汉)

s are constantly searching for that（26）the composition or lighting that will help them snap their next masterpiece．This transfers into their everyday life， so even when they do not have their photos in

mind， they will be more than （27）point out the beauty of a particular scene they come across and change their partner"s （28）on things．A lot of people assume that photographers （29） physical beauty， but the really good ones can actually find beauty in anything and everyone ! They find beauty in the harshest places and make them look stunning! This is a（30） talent to have——to change how a person looks at the world．

Creativity （31）one artist to another， as well as from one art form. to another， but it always leaves a distinct mark on a（32）the artist develops．Photography is a good way to a distinct lifestyle， and gives you a（33） mind-set．With a few simple tips you can make your photos look great， but the originality and（34）values of the photos， are goals that you really need to be a talented and dedicated （35） to reach．It is just the general approach of documenting particular moments in time in an as beautiful way as possible．

第（26）题__________ 查看材料

least, athletes display a vital and indomitable spirit; they are gloriously alive【B1】their bodies. And sports do allow us to【B2】acts that can legitimately be described as【B3】, thrilling, beautiful, even noble. In (a)an【B4】complicated and disorderly world, sports are still an arena in which we can regularly witness a certain kind of【B5】.

Yet there's something of a【B6】here, for the very qualities a society【B7】to seek in its heroes-selflessness,【B8】consciousness, and the like—are precisely the【B9】of those which are needed to【B10】a talented but otherwise unremarkable neighborhood kid into a Michael Jordan. To become a star athlete, you have to have an extremely competitive【B11】and you have to be totally focused on the development of your own physical skills. These qualities【B12】well make a great athlete,【B13】they don't necessarily make a great person. On top of this, our society reinforces these【B14】by the system it has created to produce athletes—a system characterized by【B15】responsibility and enormous privilege.

The athletes themselves suffer the【B16】of this system. Trained to measure themselves perpetually【B17】the achievements of those a round them, many young athletes develop a sense of what sociologist Walter Schafer has【B18】"conditional self-worth". They learn very quickly that they will be accepted by the important figures in their lives—parents, coaches and peers as long as they are【B19】as "winner". Unfortunately they become【B20】and behave as if their athletic success will last forever.

【B1】

A．outside

B．inside

C．besides

D．with

rk someone does and if they are capable of significant success, label them as talented. The purely quantitative route -- 'percentage definition' - looks not at individuals, but at simple percentages, such as the top five per cent of the population, and labels them -- by definition -- as gifted. This definition has fallen from favor, eclipsed by the advent of IQ tests, favored by luminaries such as Professor Hans Eysenck, where a series of written or verbal tests of general intelligence leads to a score of intelligence.

The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approach where talents in many areas are recognized rather than purely concentrating on academic achievement. If we are therefore assuming that talented, creative or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as a genetic or inherited tendency？ Mental dysfunction such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症)-- can, so is an efficient mental capacity passed on from parent to child？

Animal experiments throw some light on this question, and 'on the whole area of whether it is genetics, the environment or a combination of the two that allows for intelligence and creative ability. Different strains of rats show great differences in intelligence or 'rat reasoning'. If these are brought up in normal Conditions and then run through a maze to reach a food goal, the 'bright' strain make far fewer wrong turns that the 'dull' ones. But if the environment is made dull and boring the number of errors becomes equal. Return the rats to an exciting maze and the discrepancy returns as before -- but is much smaller. In other words, a dull rat in a stimulating environment will almost do as well as a bright rat who is bored in a normal one. This principle applies to humans too -- someone may be born with inborn intelligence, but their environment probably has the final say over whether they become creative or even a genius.

Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement, are able to achieve significant and sustainable levels of ~academic or sporting prowess. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result almost by default -- in order to ensure their safety. They may also talk earlier, and this, in turn, breeds parental interest. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings(兄弟姊妹)who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Their creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition(实现). Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. The first is that' the parents were able to identify the talents of each child, and nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. If the father is, say, a famous actor, there is no undue pressure for his children to follow him onto the boards, but instead their chosen interests are encouraged. There need not even by any obvious talent in such a family since there always needs to be someone who sets the family career in motion, as in the case of the Sheen acting dynasty.

Martin Sheen was the seventh of ten children born to a Spanish immigrant father and an Irish mother. Despite intense parental disapproval he turned his back on entrance exams to university and borrowed cash from a local priest to start a fledgling(乳臭小儿)acting career. His acting successes in films such as Badlands and Apocalypse Now made him one of the most highly-regarded actors of the 1970S. Three sons -- Emilio Estevez,' Ramon Estevez a

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

ndon, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modern art．Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare.

And yet, city life isn't easy．Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing．Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs(损害)our basic mental processes．(79) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control．While it's long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that citied actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so.

One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain．Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn．Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life.

This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone(里程碑)．For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities．Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we're crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of strangers．In recent years, it's become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think.

This research is also leading some scientists to dabble(涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain．(80) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life．The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.

Which of the following is the main idea of this passage？

A．The city inspires talented people.

B．The city hurts your brain.

C．The city has many pleasures and benefits.

D．The city seriously affects the natural balance.

ndon, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modern art．Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare.

And yet, city life isn't easy．Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing．Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs(损害)our basic mental processes．(79) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control．While it's long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that citied actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so.

One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain．Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn．Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life.

This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone(里程碑)．For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities．Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we're crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of strangers．In recent years, it's become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think.

This research is also leading some scientists to dabble(涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain．(80) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life．The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.

Which of the following is the main idea of this passage？

A．The city inspires talented people.

B．The city hurts your brain.

C．The city has many pleasures and benefits.

D．The city seriously affects the natural balance.

hat you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common 1 of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in aan 2,wish to make your ideas clear to people 3 with your subject？ Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judge or the audience？ Or, like a fund raiser for a naturalist foundation, wish to secure donations or 4 cash？ Or, like a comedian or an after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain？ The language and the tone that you use must be 5 for your purpose, for your audience and for the occasion.A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner of 6,for example, from information conveyed to a group of your friends. 7,no matter how talented the speaker is, a talk without adequate preparation is usually a 8.To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking 9.Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence such as "my purpose is to convince the class that cats as well as dogs should require licenses in our community". Make sure that your subject is definite and not too 10 .

1、A、targets

B、purposes

C、tasks

D、aspects

2、A、area

B、field

C、research

D、occupation

3、A、unknown

B、dealing

C、agreeing

D、unfamiliar

4、A、collect

B、accumulate

C、invest

D、account

5、A、important

B、necessary

C、appropriate

D、central

6、A、performance

B、presentation

C、exhibition

D、proposal

7、A、However

B、Furthermore

C、Even though

D、Therefore

8、A、failure

B、collapse

C、fulfillment

D、mistake

9、A、point

B、object

C、aim

D、goal

10、A、narrow

B、confined

C、spacious

D、broad

（1) By the time Laszlo Polagar’s first baby was born in 1969 he already had firm views

on child-rearing. An eccentric citizen of communist Hungary, he had written a book called“Bring up Genius!”and one of his favorite sayings was“Geniuses are made, not born”.

(2) An expert on thetheory of chess, he proceeded to teach little Zsuzsa at home, spending up to ten hours a day on the game. Two more daughters were similarly hot-housed. All three obliged their father by becoming world-class players. The youngest, Judit, is currently ranked1stin the world, and is by far the best female chess player of all time.

(3) Would the experiment have succeeded with a different trio of children？ If any child can be turned into a star, then a lot of time and money are being wasted worldwide on tryingto pick winners.

(4) American has long held“talent searches”, using test results and teacher recommendations to select children for advanced school courses, summer schools and other extra tuition. This provision is set to grow. In his state-of-the-union address in 2006, President George Bush announced the“American Competitiveness Initiative”, which, among much else, would train 70,000 high-school teachers to lead advanced courses for selected pupils in mathematics and science. Just as the super powers’space race made Congress put money into science education, the thought of China and India turning out hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists is scaring America into stimulating its brightest to do their best.

(5) The philosophy behind this talentsearch is that ability is innate; that it can be diagnosed with considerable accuracy; and that it is worth cultivating.

(6) In America, bright children are ranked as“moderately”,“highly”,“exceptionally”and“profoundly”gifted. The only chance to influence innate ability is thought to be in the womb or the first couple of years of line. Hence the craze for“teaching aids”such as videos and flashcards for newborns, and“whale sounds”on tape which a pregnant mother can strap to her belly.

(7) In Britain, there is a broadly similar belief in the existence of innate talent, but also an egalitarian (平等主义的) sentiment which makes people queasy about the idea of investing resources in grooming intelligence.

(8) Teachers are often opposed to separate provisionfor the best-performing children, saying any extra help should go to stragglers. In 2002, in a bid to help the able while leaving intact the ban on most selection by ability in state schools, the government set up the National Academy for Gifted and Talented Youth. This outfit runs summer schools and master classes for children nominated by their schools. To date, though, only seven in ten secondary schools have nominated even a single child. Last year all schools were told they must supply the names of their top 10%.

(9)Picking winners is also the order of the day in excommunist states, a hangover from the timeswhen talented individuals were plunked from their homes and ruthlessly trained for the glory of the nation. But in many other countries, opposition to the idea of singling out talent and grooming it runs deep. In Scandinavia, a belief in virtue like modesty and social solidarity makes people flinch from the idea of treating brainy children differently.

(10)And in Japan there is a widespread belief that all children are born with the same innate abilities-and should therefore be treated alike. All are taught together, covering the same syllabus at the same rate until they finish compulsory schooling. Those who learn quickest are expected then to teachtheir classmates.

(11)Statistics give little clues as to which system is best. The performance of the most able is heavily affected by factors other than state provision. Most states education in Britain is nominally non-selective, but middle-class parents try to live near the best schools. Ambitious Japanese parents have made private, out-of-school tuition a thriving business. And Scandinavia’s egalitarianism might work less well in places with more diverse populations and less competent teachers. For what it’s worth, the statistical data suggest that some countries, like Japan and Finland, can avoid selection and still thrive. But that does not mean that any country can ditch selection and do as well.

(12)Mr. Polger thought any child could be a prodigy given the right teaching, an early start and enough practice. Some say the key to success is simply hard graft. Judit, the youngest of the Polgar sisters, was the most driven, and the most talented, but she was the only one who did not achieve the status of grand master.“But she was lazy.”

81.In their childhood, the three daughters of Polagar________.

A.played chess in house all day long

B.had plenty of intense training on chess

C.took various lessonson games in house

D.revealed their talent in playing chess

82.In paragraph 3, the author tends toPolagar’s view on child-rearing________.

A.support

B.despise

C.question

D.defend

83.In America, student winners are usually picked out on the basis of________.

A.test results and praises from teachers

B.teacher recommendations and test papers

C.test scores and teacher recommendation

D.self-presentation and teachers’evaluations

84.The American“talent searches”is based on the belief that________.

A.there is no innate talent

B.few have inborn talent

C.education can help develop talent

D.one’s innate ability can be measured

85.In paragraph 7, the word“queasy”is closest in meaning to________.

A.curious

B.worried

C.unhappy

D.comfortable

86.According to the passage, in Britain,________.

A.state schools are allowed to select students by talent

B.state schools are allowed to select students by ability

C.secondary schools are eager to pick talented students

D.the government is entitled to picking talented children

87.In paragraph 8, the word“outfit”is closest in meaning to________.

A.corporation

B.community

C.government

D.organization

88.In Scandinavia, people value virtues like modesty and social solidarity, so they________.

A.approve of the idea of selecting different brains

B.single out the talented children from the dull ones

C.refuse to teach talented children in normal ways

D.avoid picking talented children for special

89.In paragraph 11, the word“ditch”is closest in meaning to________.

A.abandon

B.embrace

C.welcome

D.denounce

90.Of the Polagar sisters,________.

A.all achieved the status of grand master

B.two became world-class chess players

C.the youngest was themost diligent one

D.the eldest was under the greatest pressure

A.crippled

B.talented

C.dominated

D.bred

ive them on. ()