The judges have decided who the prize winners will be, and will ____ the names tomorrow.

We()to move but are still considering where to go.

A. are deciding

B.decided

C. have decided

D.had decided

When do people start to plan for the Championships？

A．After the first snow falls in Colorado.

B．Once they submit their applications.

C．Before their sculptures are sketched.

D．As soon as the judges have chosen the teams.

A、奥苏贝尔

B、皮亚杰

C、桑代克

D、Edwar

D、Deci和RichardRyan

l system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants and, the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation but, as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the systems is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study had shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of courts, the plaintiff waives any right to jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.

The word "litigants" in Paragraph 1 refers to______.

A．judges

B．attorneys

C．persons concerned in a lawsuit

D．government officials

A.SEG

B.TRUNC

C.DECO

D.DECI

arve the white stuff into art. Planning begins months before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications and sketches of their sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges chooses 14 teams for the championship.

The rules are simple: Electric tools are not allowed. Teams carve snow with everything but the results are not entirely in the sculptors' hands. "If it is extremely sunny and warm", DeWall, the competition's director of public relations, explained, "we will erect old sail from sail boats into the air to block the sun from melting the sculptures". If it snows, she continued, teams have to work extra hard to scrape(刮掉) the new snow off their work.

The judges look for creativity, technical skill, and overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive any money. "There is no cash prize because the event began with the concept of global camaraderie(情谊)", DeWall explained. Instead of focusing on money, she continued, "winners revel(纵情) in the friendship, the art, and the hard work".

What does the phrase "white stuff" in the first paragraph refer to？

A．Wood.

B．Snow.

C．Ice.

D．Rock.

lved in prominent cases【C1】______the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【C2】______of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【C3】______bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【C4】______and will strictly control the a mount of【C5】______that can be given to a case【C6】______a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he

【C7】______with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【C8】______sufficient control.【C9】______of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【C10】______of media protest when he said the【C11】______of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【C12】______to Parliament.

The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【C13】______the European Convention on Human Rights legally【C14】______in Britain, laid down that everybody was【C15】______to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

“Press freedoms will be in safe hands【C16】______our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an【C17】______after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995.Up to 19 witnesses were【C18】______to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【C19】______witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【C20】______guilty verdicts.

【C1】

A．as to

B．for instance

C．in particular

D．such as

A.SEG

B.TRUNC

C.DECO

D.DECI