Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt t

ivate fertility clinics. Antinori is already f______ for previous controversies such as helping grandmothers to have babies. Yet this time he is not alone in p______ the idea of human cloning. US scientists are working with him on this project, and a r______ group -- the Raelians -- have also announced their intention to offer the service. Of course, with so many couples d______ for a child yet unable to conceive through traditional IVF treatments, there is no s______ of volunteers. It would probably not work trying to prevent cloning, thus some form of regulation is almost i______. At the moment, cloning techniques are far from p______ and most attempts to clone animals end up in f______.

Passage Four

Most people do not think of fishes and other sea animals as having voices, and of those who are aware of the fact that many of them can "speak", few understand that these "conversations" have significance. Actually, their talk may be as meaningful as much of our own. For example, some sea animals use their "voices" to locate their food in the ocean expanses (广阔的区域); others use their "voices" to let their fellows know of their locations; and still others, as a means of obtaining mates. Sometimes, "speaking" may even mean the difference between life and death to a sea animal. It appears in some cases that when a predator (食肉动物) approaches, the prey (被捕的动物) depends on no more than the sounds it makes to escape.

Fish sounds are important to man, also. By listening to them, he can learn a great deal about he habits of creatures that make them, the size of the School they form, the patterns of their migrations, and the nature of the environments in which they live. He can also apply this nformation to the more effective utilization of the listening spots he has set up to detect enemy submarines (潜水艇). A knowledge of fish sounds can avoid confusion and unneeded effort when a "new" sound is picked up and the sound sentry (哨兵) must decide whether or not to call an alarm.

46. Among the people who know that many sea animals have voices, few ______.

A. know the meaning of their conversations

B. realize that they can communicate with each other

C. realize that they can make speeches

D. could understand their conversations

fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is【C1】______I became an animal collector in the first【C2】______. The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any【C3】______was not the conventional "mamma" or "daddy",【C4】______the word "zoo", which I would【C5】______over and over again with a shrill【C6】______until .someone, in order to【C7】______me up, would take me to the zoo. When I【C8】______a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great【C9】______of pets, ranging from owls m seahorses, and I spent all my spare time【C10】______the countryside in search of fresh specimens to【C11】______to my collection of pets.【C12】______on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student【C13】______, to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,【C14】______were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I【C15】______had enough money of my own to be able to【C16】______my first trip and I have been going【C17】______ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of【C18】______, it is certainly a job which will ap peal【C19】______all those who love animals and【C20】______.

【C1】

A．how

B．where

C．when

D．whether

ascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is【C1】______I became an animal collector in the first【C2】______.

The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any【C3】______was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”,【C4】______the word “zoo”, which I would【C5】______over and over again with a shrill【C6】______until someone, in group to【C7】______me up, would take me to the zoo. When I

【C8】______a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great【C9】______of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time【C10】______the countryside in search of fresh specimens to【C11】______to my collection of pets.【C12】______on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student【C13】______, to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,【C14】______were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I【C15】______had enough money of my own to be able to【C16】______my first trip and I have been going【C17】______ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of【C18】______, it is certainly a job which will appeal【C19】______all those who love animals and【C20】______.

【C1】

A．how

B．where

C．when

D．whether

In the animal rights （), much is made of the volume of pain these animals （) in the na

me of medical science. Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is () of our evil and cruel (). A more reasonable argument, however, can be advanced in our (). Life is often () to animals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head (). Young children () able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else. From everyday germs to gang (), no life is free of pain. Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed, most will fail); or 3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that () discoveries will lead us forward.

Why do Westerners love their pets so much, almost as if they were their children？ I suppose one reason is that for more than one hundred years many children's books in England and in America were animal stories.By this we mean stories that gave the animals human names, human voices, human emotions, and even faces that look almost human.Many of these stories taught a moral lesson, like honesty or kindness or hard work.My mother read animal stories to me as a child, and my wife and I read some of the same animal stories to my boys when they were small, and now they read animal stories to their children.Some are the same stories about dogs and cats and rabbits and horses.So children in America grow up with good feelings toward animals. Many families would like to have a purebred dog or cat, that is an animal whose parents come from a single kind of animal.But purebred animals are expensive.And those that are registered with a special dog or cat club are even more expensive since there is a written record of their ancestors for many generations.What often happens is that a family's first pet will come from some friend whose pet has had babies.Or they may get a pet from an animal shelter.Every city and many smaller towns have a humane society which cares for animals that are found and for animals which people no longer want.They try to find the owner of lost pets and to find homes for the others.Over the years my wife and I and our children have gotten some very nice dogs for our family from animal shelters, usually at no cost.

But some families do not want a house dog or a house cat.They want an outside dog or cat.So the animal stays outsides the house most of the time.Special dog houses are made for such dogs to use, especially at night in the colder parts of North America.

1.Why do Western people love their pets so much？ ()

A.Because their children don't have many friends.

B.Because they have leisure time and enough money.

C.Because they are influenced by animal stories.

D.Because they regard pets as their children.

2.Since they have heard a lot of animal stories, American children tend to () .

A.love animals when they grow up

B.treat animals rudely

C.live with animals

D.dislike animals

3.A purebred dog refers to a dog()

A.which is brought up by one family

B.whose parents come from the same area

C.whose parents belong to the single kind of dog

D.which is bred in a pure house

4.How do most Americans get their first pet？ ()

A.They buy it from a pet shop

B.They pick up one from the street

C.They always get one from the animal shelter

D.They get it from their friends

5.Not all pets stay with their masters in the house all the time for().

A.it's good for them to stay outside

B.people think they are dirty

C.Some people don't want a house dog or a house cat

D.they don't like to stay in their masters' house

ly more. Across the world they have brought together and displayed live wild animals for people to look at and over the years hundreds of millions have. Any institution with so long a history and so universally attended must reach something in people deeper than idle curiosity. Since it is fashionable to speak of roots today, it might be suggested that zoos allow us to stay in touch with our most primitive roots in a primeval world where human survival depended on knowing the shapes and habits of wild animals. So important were wild creatures to our distant ancestors that they were the most frequent subjects of paintings on cave walls, formed the basis for virtually all early religions, and were in numerous instances worshipped as gods.

Now our survival is threatened more by what we ourselves have worked, and by the stresses of living among these creations, than it is by wild animals to whom we relegate less and less living space with each passing year. In this world the need for good zoological gar-dens is urgent. The exponential growth of human population and the ever-increasing sprawl of cities does more than rob land from wildlife: it pushes the animals father away from city dwellers. People live in brick, concrete, and glass environments where they lose all touch with wilderness; children grow up who have never tried to catch a frog, never seen a hawk soar or a deer step daintily into a forest clearing—let alone watched a herd of elephants amble across the river or a pride of lions stalk prey.

People who have the time and money can take an occasional trip to the remaining wilderness and find, in places where wild animals still live, the renewal of spirit that comes from prolonged visits to wild country. For millions of others who are unable to leave the cities or can't afford to, good zoos laid out among plants and trees can bring what conservationist Lan Player calls "a taste of wilderness''. Perhaps more important in the long run, zoos can help give deprived people an awareness that we share the world with many other animals and should have a decent regard for their worth and right to live. If zoos did no more than accomplish these two ends, they would serve a noble purpose.

As it happens, however, today's zoos can do far more. They can become breeding centers for those wild species whose continued existence has become precarious. The team "captive breeding" has been used to describe this new role of zoos, and this book describes the effort the most important task that zoos have yet undertaken.

In the second sentence of the first paragraph, "hundreds of millions" refers to the great number of_____ .

A．mankind's various institutions

B．zoos across the world

C．live wild animals displayed

D．people who have visited zoos

C

Life in the Clear

Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen， a scientist in biology， says， “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it， or unless something is eating them.”

And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through？ It’s trickier than you might think.

The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter（散射） light， bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light， stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it， so you can see it easily.

But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light， at least not very much， Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ————you see the things behind it.

To become transparent， an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments（色素） that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments， so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen， avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

Animals are built of many different materials————skin， fat， and more————and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed， it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light， it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large， clear mass of non-living jelly-lie（果冻状的）material and spread themselves over it .

Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge， because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals， staying transparent is an active process.

63. According to Paragraph 1， transparent animals_______.

A.stay in groups

B.can be easily damaged

C.appear only in deep ocean

D.are beautiful creatures

animals are in a worse position than human beings.In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better.In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.

In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets.It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food.However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs.Dogs are the only customers.There is seating for twenty of them.The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.

Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don’t live in such wealth and comfort.P eople treat their pets in a more practical way.People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals.Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members.In most places in the world, there isn't any special clothing or fine food for animals.There aren’t any special restaurants for dogs.

Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.

21.According to the passage, in most countries _______________.

A.animals are in a worse position than human beings

B.people treat their pets like members of their families

C.there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and cats

D.pets such as dogs and cats are very popular

22.According to the passage, there are _________________.

A.a few restaurants for dogs in every city in France

B.many owners of dogs and cats in the United States and Europe

C.no dogs or cats that wear clothing

D.some people who treat their pets far better than they treat their children

23.For many people, pets may have a more practical function because _______________.

A.pets are often useful companions for old people

B.cats and dogs can be used to keep away mice

C.pets can sometimes be sold to make money

D.some pets may show loving feelings for their owners

24.In your opinion, which of the following sentences is probably true？

A.Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.

B.Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.

C.In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.

D.People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.

25.The main idea of this reading passage is _______________.

A.Dogs enjoy fine restaurants

B.A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurant

C.It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animals

D.People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the world