（)knowledge of space developed rapidly.

A.It represents systematic storage of ideas

B.It is a kind of public sphere representing public will

C.It is a space that shows the equality people have concerning knowledge

D.It is a place that stores and disseminates the fruits of human civilization

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist exploring the properties of a new substance, the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life. and the anthropologist(人类学家)searching for human origins share a common trait(特征), curiosity. Not that nonscientist are not curious；most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic(难以理解的)problems-the scientific method.

Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood, the multiplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led to the idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth. science cannot provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations.

On the other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization(使失去个性)of the individual, for stripping(夺去)creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the species through the development of nuclear power, insecticides, and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation, we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scientific achievements that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.

Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？

A. Scientists and their curiosity.

B. Science and scientific method.

C. Understandings of science.

D. Misunderstandings of science.

Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits ofproducts and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best formof advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when peopletell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they havepurchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutionalor prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation ratherthan to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up theirown advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likelyto have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising andadvertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfycompany to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire theirown advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency andagreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know asbrief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to becommunicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements anddevelops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that pretested innewspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Beforea final choices was made

prior to anational campaign.

Q22 What is probably the bestform. of advertising according to the speaker？

Q23 What does the speaker sayis the proposes of many organization using prestige advertising ？

Q24 How did large companiesgenerally handle their advertising？

Q25 What would advertisingagencies often do before a national campaign？

hat social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.

Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chemobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on oar lives deserves a closer examination.

Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.

In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it ______.

A．can be of use to both man and animal

B．is utilized by man

C．serves different purposes equally well

D．is used both as a cultural and a physical object

Books take ideas and set them down, transforming them through the limitations of space into thinking usable by others. In 1959, C. P. Snow threw down the challenge of "two cultures" , the scientific and the humanistic, pursuing their separate, unconnected lives within developed societies. In the new-media ecology of the 21st century, we may not have closed that gap, but the two cultures of the contemporary world are the culture of data and the culture of narrative. Narrative is rarely collective. It isnt infinitely expandable. Narrative has a shape and a temporality, and it ends, just as our lives do. Books tell stories. Scholarly books tell scholarly stories. Storytelling is central to the work of the narrative-driven disciplines—the humanities and the nonquantitative social sciences—and it is central to the communicative pleasures of reading. Even argument is a form. of narrative. Different kinds of books are, of course, good for different things. Some should be created only for download and occasional access, as in the case of most reference projects, which these days are born digital or at least given dual passports. But scholarly writing requires narrative fortitude, on the part of writer and reader. There is nothing wiki about the last set of Cambridge University Press monographs(专著)I purchased, and in each I encounter an individual speaking subject. Each single-author book is immensely particular, a story told as only one storyteller could recount it. Scholarship is a collagist(拼贴画家), building the next road map of what we know book by book. Stories end, and that, I think, is a very good thing. A single authorial voice is a kind of performance, with an audience of one at a time, and no performance should outstay its welcome. Because a book must end, it must have a shape, the arc of thought that demonstrates not only the writers command of her or his subject but also that writers respect for the reader. A book is its own set of bookends. Even if a book is published in digital form, freed from its materiality, that shaping case of the codex(古书的抄本)is the ghost in the ghost in the knowledge-machine. We are the case for books. Our bodies hold the capacity to generate thousands of ideas, perhaps even a couple of full-length monographs, and maybe a trade book or two. If we can get them right, books are luminous versions of our ideas, bound by narrative structure so that others can encounter those better, smarter versions of us on the page or screen. Books make the case for us, for the identity of the individual as an embodiment of thinking in the world. The heart of what even scholars do is the endless task of making that world visible again and again by telling stories, complicated and subtle stories that reshape us daily so that new forms of knowledge can shine out.

According to the author, the narrative culture is______.

A．connectable

B．infinitely expandable

C．collective

D．nonquantitative

city, efficiency and versatility that they have practically "invaded" almost each and every human domain(领域). They have undoubtedly gone far beyond the expectations of a generation that had already lived under the spell(一段时间) of the TV set.

Throughout history there have been inventions that have been particularly remarkable and influential(有影响力的) within the scope of transport, education, health or communication. They have brought out comfort, health, knowledge or power. Some of them have produced minor effects; others have brought about very great changes. Think of the invention of the wheel, the automobile or the printing press, and what about the computer？

At the beginning the computer was thought mainly as an instrument to be used in the mathematical field, but soon people from other sciences began to get interested in this little "brain" that was capable of performing thousands of operations in a few seconds without getting tired or confused. They realized it could not only store millions of pages of information but also organize it in every possible way enabling man to carry out tasks unthinkable by other means.

Computers are now everywhere. They can make vehicles at supersonic(超音速的) speed and precision; they can control world banking transactions(交易), predict weather conditions, conduct an aircraft or a space craft, play instruments, manage nuclear weapons; they can operate on human patients, they can transfer information from one continent to another in seconds, they can...they can...they can... Yet, thank God, they still need human beings: to draw the instructions, to design the programs or to push the button!

Which of the following is true according to the passage？

A．All inventions have brought about complete changes.

B．Few of the inventions have brought about minor changes.

C．The inventions of the wheel and the automobile are not remarkable and influential.

D．We've benefited from the comfort, health, knowledge or power brought out by the inventions.

As far as ______ is concerned, computers have made a rapid growth in the last decade.

A．versatility

B．capacity

C．efficiency

D．All of the above.

Who was interested in computers after they came into existence？

A．Students.

B．Mathematicians.

C．People from many sciences.

D．All the people.

People began to find that ______.

A．computers may get tired afte performing too many operations

B．computers could organize information in limited ways

C．computers are able to carry out tasks quickly with the help of man

D．computers could store information, and organize it as well

According to the last paragraph, we know that the author thinks ______.

A．computers may replace human beings some day

B．everyone should believe in God

C．computers still depend on human beings

D．computers could live without human beings

WWW is popular for its multimedia transmission and friendly(71). Although the speed of network has been improved considerably in recent years, the rapid(72)of using the Internet, the inherited character of delay in the network and the Request/Response working mode of WWW still make the Internet traffic very(73)and give no guarantee on the Quality of Service. Because HTTP has no states, the web server cannot know the users' demand and the users' requests cannot be predicted Taking advantage of a cache mechanism and the time locality of WWW accesses, the browser can preserve the documents ever accessed in the local machine. By this means, for the documents in the local cache, the browser does not need to send the requests to the remote server or to receive the whole responses from the remote one Pre-fetching uses the space locality of accesses First, the users' access requests are predicted according to the users' current request. Secondly, the expected pages are fetched into the local cache when the user is brow sing the current page. Finally, the users can access these pages downloaded from the local cache. And this can reduce the access delay to some degrees. Pre-fetching is one kind of active caches that can cache the pages which are still not requested by the user. The application of pre-fetching technology in the web can greatly reduce the waiting time after users have sent their requests. This paper brings forward an intelligent technique of web pre-fetching, which can speed up fetching web pages. In this technique, we use a simplified WWW data model to represent the data in the cache of web browser to mine the association rules. We store these rules in a knowledge base so as to(74)the user's actions. In the client sides, the agents are responsible for mining the users' interest and pre-fetching the web pages, which are based on the interest association repository. Therefore it is(75)for the users to speed up the browsing.

A．interactive

B．interaction

C．interactivity

D．infection