Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes （龙卷风) . Sometimes,as the wind passes a

d for measuring power. No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.

America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess(威力)over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic(有讽刺性的) that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.

The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the department of defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society, government, industry, and education. That is not to say that the defense department will not be a strong force in the process. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior(救星) of American industry.

Now a nation's political influence depends on______.

A．the strength of its military forces

B．its ability to compete in industry

C．economic markets

D．both A and B

by the University of Michigan School of Public Health revealed particulars that seem to hold true for the general population. Infants are the most cold-ridden group, averaging more than six colds in their first year. Boys have more colds than girls up to age three. After the age of three, girls are more susceptible than boys, and teenage girls average three colds a year to boys' two.

The general incidence of colds continues to decline into maturity. Elderly people who are in good health have as few as one or two colds annually. One exception is found among people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections, because people in this age group are most likely to have young children. Adults who delay having children until their thirties and forties experience the same sudden increase in cold infections.

The study also found that economics plays an important role. As income increases, the frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases. Families with the lowest income suffer about a third more colds than families at the upper end. Lower income generally forces people to live in more cramped quarters than those typically occupied by wealthier people, and crowding increases the opportunities for the cold virus to travel from person to person. Low income may also adversely influence diet. The degree to which poor nutrition affects susceptibility to colds is not yet clearly established, but an inadequate diet is suspected of lowering resistance generally.

The paragraph before this passage most probably deals with ______ .

A．minor diseases other than colds

B．the recommended treatment of colds

C．a factor that affects susceptibility to colds

D．methods of preventing colds among elderly people

nce frOm the opposite page to fill each of the blanks． ·For each blank(8-12)，mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet． ·Do not mark any letter twice． ·There is an example at the beginning(0)．Canadian industries have prospered for more than a century on the countrys abundance of cheap, reliable electrical power. B (example ) In fact, Canada consumes more electricity on a per person basis than any country except Norway. (8)_______Electricity is a significant source of export income for Canada. (9)_______ But in the 1970s, Canadian exports rose sharply to address the U. S. demand for cheaper and more reliable. In 1985, exports of Canadian electrical power reached 1,400 million US dollars.(10 ) _______ Net electricity exports account for more than 60% of Canadas balance of trade. Domestically, Canada continues to generate electrical power, primarily from water. (11)_______ Exports of electricity are now subject to forces far beyond the control of utility managers. (12 )_______ A．Besides．electricity from coal and nuclear is 50％t0 75％cheaper than many other industrial nations． B．Generated primarily by water．our power supplies have attracted and supposedenergy-intensive industries such as mining． C．It also ranks among the top three electricity producers in the world，behind the U．S． and Russia． D．Next to electricity．Canadian paper exports came t0 900 million U．S．dollars everyear in the 1960s． E．Canada and the U．S．imposed and exposed power in almost equal measures after 1901． F．Since then．electricity’exports have declined but they have continued to exceed 700 million U．S．dollars． G．Environmental and trade policies all influence electrical production and trade． (8)填空_______

回答题。

Nowadays,a standard for measuring power has changed．These changes foretell a new standardfor measuring power．No longer will a nation' s political influence be based solely on the strength ofits military forces．Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power．But po-litical influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness．It' s often said that without its mili-tary the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation．The new standard of power and influencethat is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the e-conomic markets of the world．

America must recognize this new course of events．Our success in shaping world events over thepast 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of thecapabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace．Our industrial prowess(威力) overmost of this period was unchallenged．It is ironic (有讽刺性的)that it is just this prowess that hasenabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership．

The competitiveness of America' s industrial base is an issue bigger than the department of de-fense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society, govemment,industry, and education．That is not to say that the defense department will not be a strong force inthe process．But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior(救星)of American industry．

Now a nation‘s political influence depends on__________． 查看材料

A.the strength of its military forces

B.its ability to compete in industry

C.economic markets

D.both A and B

still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages【C1】______ young Couples, are the result of【C2】______ attraction and affection【C3】______ than practical considerations.

In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin【C4】______ in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social【C5】______ .

Though young people feel【C7】______ to choose their friends from【C6】______ groups, most choose a mate of similar background.

This is【C8】______ in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually【C9】______ choices by【C10】______ disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.

【C11】______ , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater【C12】______ of today's youth and the fact that they are restricted by【C13】______ prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home towns to attend college,【C14】 ______ in the armed forces,【C15】______ pursue a career in a bigger city.

Once away from home and family, they are more【C16】______ to date and marry outside their own social group.

In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither【C17】______ nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are【C18】______ the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and【C19】______ a family. Marriages between people of different national【C20】______ (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.

【C1】

A．involving

B．linking

C．connecting

D．correlating

the one hand, and in Britain on the other hand. In Britain, the market is really the City of London. It is a free market, and it controls most of the flow of savings to investment. On the Continent, either a few banks or government institutions dominate the money markets. In France and Italy, for example, government officials direct the flow of funds to suit their economic plans. In Germany the flow is directed by the all-powerful banks. In Britain there are more free interplay of market forces and far fewer regulations, rules and "red tape". A French banker summed it up this way: "On the Continent you can't do anything unless you've been told you can; in England on the other hand you can do everything as long as you haven't been told not to. "

There are many basic reasons for these differences. One is that Continental savers tend to prefer gold, cash or short-term assets. They invest only 10% of their savings in institutions like pension funds or insurance companies. But in Britain 50% of saving goes to them, and they, in turn, invest directly in equity market. A far lower proportion of savings is put in the banks in the form. of liquid assets than on the Continent. Continental governments intervene directly or through the banks to collect savings together and transform. them into medium or long-term loans for investment. The equity market is largely bypassed. On the Continent economic planning tends to be far more centralized than in Britain. In Britain it is possible to influence decisions affecting the country's economy from within the City. It attracts skilled and highly qualified work force. In France, on the other hand, an intelligent young man who wants a career in finance would probably find the civil service more attractive.

In Britain the market, or more accurately, money tends to be regarded as an end in itself. On the Continent it is regarded as a means to an end; investment in the economy. To British eyes continental systems with the possible exception of the Dutch seem slow and inef-ficient. But there is one outstanding fact the City should not overlook, British's growth rates and levels of investment over the last ten years have been much lower than on the Continent. There are many reasons for this, but the City must take part of the blame. If it is accepted that the basic function of a financial market is to supply industry and commerce with finance in order to achieve desired rates of growth, it can be said that by concentrating oil the market for its own sake the City has tended to forget that basic function.

What is the best title for the passage？

A．Savings and the Growth Rate.

B．Banking and Finance: Two Different Realities.

C．Monetary Policy in Britain.

D．The European Continent and Britain.

known to man：since reeords began to be written down，it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities（死亡）have numbered in the millions，and that earthquake-related destruction has been be-vond calculation．The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to falling down of buildings and the effects of rockslides，floods，fire，disease，gigantic sea waves，and other phenomena（现象）resulting from earthquakes，rather than from the quakes themselves． The great majority of all earthquakes occur Off two specific areas，along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean and from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains．But they may，however，happen anywhere at any time． This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the fear and horror sur-rounding earthquakes，but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake predic-tion may be possible．By analyzing changes in animal behavior，patterns of movements in the earth’S surface．and other unusual phenomena，scientists have shown increasing Success in pre-dicting when and where earthquakes will strike．As a result，a worldwide earthquake-warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for the vast destruction that mightotherwise have been totally unexpected． It is．doubtful，that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and do away with the destructiveness altogether。but as how．and why earthquakes happen become better understood，man will become more and more able to deal with their possible destruction before it occurs．

Most destruction caused by earthquakes is the results of the following EXCEPT__________ ．

A.the collapsing of buildings and the fire it causes’

B.the floods and huge sea waves resulting from earthquakes．

C.the disease that often follows earthquakes

D.the panic brought about by earthquakes

One of the most authoritative(权威的) voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. This type of voice dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mall consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.

Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this huge expenditure？

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal(讨好顾客的) to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in a favorable position.

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some changes seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

According to the passage modem advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.

A．influences our image of a special person

B．interferes with the quiet of home life

C．continually forces us into buying things

D．influences us no matter where we travel

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are (1) not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to (2) that we all have an internal "body clock" which (3) the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (4) . These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5) in our everyday life.

The (6) of an internal "body clock" should not be too surprising, (7) the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8) of this cycle is the (9) we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10) during the day. (11) the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects.

(12) , international aeroplane travelers often experience "jet lag" when traveling across time (13) . People who are not used to (14) work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance.

(15) the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which (16) .longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17) days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18) fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn't it also strange (19) ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20) nonexistent？ Musicians, painters and writers often talk about "dry spells".

1. A) built

B) shaped

C) molded

D) grown

A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.

B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.

C.whether shock waves would occur.

D.whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.