Sailing vessels are stand-on over power-driven vessels except ______.A.in a crossing situa

______.

A.not under command

B.engaged on pilotage duty

C.restricted in her ability to maneuver

D.engaged in fishing

In which situation do the Rules require both vessels to change course ？______.

A.Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on

B.Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action

C.Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side

D.All of the above

the following vessels EXCEPT a vessel ______.

A.not under command

B.retricted in her ability to maneuver

C.engaged in towing

D.Fishing

ore sailing foreign．Which statement is TRUE ________．

A.He/she must have an STCW certificate endorsed as“Valid for Service on Vessels Operating in the GMDSS System”

B.He/she must present either an FCC-issued license or a Coast Guard-issued license

C.You must consult the“List of Qualifications”on the reverse of his/her FCC-issued license

D.His/her Merchant Mariners Document must have an added endorsement as “Radio Electronics Officer”

y of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese king and in English princess.

Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated（devoted） himself" to improving the design of Ships and the methods or sailing them. In 1416, when he was twenty-two. Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him —— Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.

Henry’s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug（keep close to） the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.

To Prince Henry the world owes credit far development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.

1）.The best title for this selection is（）.

A、The First Modern Sailing Vessels

B、The Mariner Prince

C、Prince Henry’s Role in History

D、The FirstSchool for Sailors

2）.Prince Henry's principal achievement was that of（）.

A、making oceanic exploration possible

B、improving the compass

C、founding a school for mariners

D、inventing the clipper ship

3）.Compared with his caravel, Henry's carrack was（）.

A、longer and slimmer

B、able to carry more cargo

C、able to carry more sail

D、shorter

4）.Prince Henry's goal was to design vessels that could（）.

A、make long deep-sea voyages

B、travel faster than those in use at that time

C、explore the coastline of Portugal

D、carry larger crews and more cargo than existing ones

5）.Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of（）.

A、helping mariners

B、improving ship design and sailing methods

C、studying astronomy and mathematics

D、improving his own skill as a sailor

nry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese king and in English princess.

Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated (devoted) himself" to improving the design of Ships and the methods or sailing them. In 1416, when he was twenty-two. Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him —— Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.

Henry's goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug (keep close to) the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.

To Prince Henry the world owes credit far development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.

1.Prince Henry's principal achievement was that of ______

A、making oceanic exploration possible

B、improving the compass

C、founding a school for mariners

D、inventing the clipper ship

2.Prince Henry''s goal was to design vessels that could ______.

A、make long deep-sea voyages

B、travel faster than those in use at that time

C、explore the coastline of. Portugal

D、carry larger crews and more cargo than existing ones

3.Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of ______.

A、helping mariners

B、improving ship design and sailing methods

C、studying astronomy and mathematics

D、improving his own skill as a sailor

mboats in the early 1800s and by diesel power in the 1920s. A distinction is generally made between deep-water and navigable inland water transport. Domestic commerce centers on the Great Lakes, canals, and navigable rivers.

In 1975 water transport accounted for 22.6 per cent of total inter-city tonnage. Its relative share of inter-city tonnage was 31.3 per cent in 1947 and 31.7 per cent in 1958. Tonnage declined to 27.9 per cent in 1965 but increased by 1970 to 28.4 per cent. This short- term increase did not stabilize. Market share dropped by 5.8 per cent by 1975. Forecasted market share by 1985 is 18.4 per cent of total inter-city tonnage. The water transport share of revenue has been less than 2 per cent of inter-city freight revenue since 1955.

The exact miles of improved waterways in operation depend in part on whether coast- wise and inter-coastal shipping are included. Approximately 26,000 miles of improved inland waterways were operated in 1975. Fewer miles of improved inland waterways exist than of any other transportation mode.

The main advantage of water transport is the capacity to move extremely large shipments. Deep-water vessels are restricted in operation, but diesel-towed barges have a fair degree of flexibility, in comparison to rail and highway, water transport ranks in the middle with respect to fixed cost. The fixed cost of operation is greater than that of motor carriers but less than that of railroads. The main disadvantage of water is the limited degree of flexibility and the low speeds of transport. Unless the source and destination of movement are adjacent to a waterway, supplemental haul by rail or truck is required. The capability of water to transport large tonnage at low variable cost places this mode of transport in demand when low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration.

Freight transported by inland water leans heavily to mining and basic bulk commodities, such as chemicals, cement, and selected agricultural products. In addition to the restrictions of navigable waterways, terminal facilities for bulk and dry cargo storage and load-unload devices limit the flexibility of water transport. Labor restrictions on loading and unloading at dock level create operational problems and tend to reduce the potential range of available traffic. Finally, a highly competitive situation has developed between railroads and inland water carriers in areas where parallel routings exist.

Inland and Great Lakes water transport will continue to be a viable alternative for future logistical system design. The full potential of the St. Lawrence Seaway has not yet been realized with respect to domestic freight. The slow passage of inland river transport can provide a form. of warehousing in transit if fully integrated into overall system design. Improvements in ice-breaking equipment appear on the verge of eliminating the seasonal limitations of water transport.

Why it is difficult to say exactly how many miles of improved waterways are in operation？

A．The most recent figure is for 1975 and the figure is declining.

B．Water transport's market share goes up and down frequently.

C．So few miles of inland waterways exist that no one has bothered to count them.

D．You must know whether to include coastwise and inter-coastal shipping in the figure.

A.sailing

B.scene

C.separate