材料：The contract of carriage of GOODs by sea is usually concluded as between the shipper

材料：

If，by reason of or in compliance with any such directions or recommendations，the vessel does not proceed to the port or ports named in the Bill of Lading or to which she may have been ordered pursuant thereto，the Vessel may proceed to any port as directed or recommended or to any safe port which the Owners in their discretion may decide on and there discharge the cargo．Such discharge shall be deemed to be due fulfillment of the contract of affreightment and the Owners shall be entitled to freight as if discharge had been effected at the port or ports named in the Bill of Lading or to which the Vessel may have been ordered pursuant thereto．

问题：

If the vessel does not, under the directions of the Charterer, proceed to the port or ports named in the Bill of Lading or to which she may have been ordered pursuant thereto to, she may proceed to all the following ports except ______ ．

A.any port as directed

B.any port as recommended

C.any safe port which the Owners in their discretion may decide on

D.the port or ports of origin

This is a ______ ．A.a clause of a contract

B.an explanation of a clause in a contract

C.requirement from a government

D.an article of an international convention

At the substituted port, the carrier is entitled to claim ______ if he had dilivered full cargo there．A.full freight

B.half freight

C.no freight

D.reasonable freight

The contract of affreightment is referred to ______ ．A.a contract of carriage by which the carrier is entitled to carry certain amount of cargo in a specified time by any vessel or vessels either belonging to himself or to others

B.a contract of carriage, such as Gencon

C.a contract of trade

D.a contract of sales

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材料：

This insurance also covers the insured vessel&39;s proportion of general average，salvage or salvage charges，but in case of general average sacrifice of the vessel，the Insured may recover fully for such loss without obtaining contributions from other parties．

General average shall be adjusted in accordance with the relative contract and governing law and practice．However，where the contract of affreightment or carriage does not so provide，the adjustment shall be made according to the Beijing Adjustment Rules or similar provisions of other rules． Where all the contributing interests are owned by the Insured，or when the insured vessel sails in ballast and there are no other contributing interests the provisions of the Beijing Adjustment Rules（excluding Article 5），or similar provisions of other rules if expressly agreed，shall apply as if the interests were owned by different persons．

The voyage for this purpose shall be deemed to continue from the port or place of departure until the arrival of the vessel at the first port or place of call thereafter other than a port or place of refuge or a port or place of call for bunkering only．If at any such intermediate port or place there is an abandonment of the adventure originally contemplated the voyage shall thereupon be deemed to be terminated.

问题：

In the event of general average sacrifice of the insured vessel，the insured ______．

A.can only recover the insured vessel’s proportion from the Insurer

B.should recover fully for such loss by obtaining contributions from the other parties

C.may recover fully for such loss from the Insurer prior to his obtaining the contributions from other parties

D.shall own all the contributing interests

General average adjustment shall be made according to the Beijing Adjustment Rules or similar provisions of other rules if _____．A.the relative contract does not provide according to which law and practice the adjustment shall be made

B.the contributing interests are owned by different persons

C.the contract of affreightment or carriage requires that some other governing law be followed

D.there is a sacrifice of the insured vessel

If the insured vessel sails in ballast and there are no other contributing interests，______．A.the general average adjustment shall be made according to the relative contract of carriage

B.all the provisions of Beijing Adjustment Rules shall be applied in case of any general average

C.no general average adjustment is needed

D.the general average shall be adjusted as if there were different contributing interests according to the provisions of Beijing Adjustment Rules

The word“contemplated”in the last paragraph of this passage means _____．A.“looked at”

B.“intended”

C.“contended”

D.“meditated”

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材料：

By inserting in bills of lading such clauses as to state that the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage and is thus not a“carrier” within the meaning of the relevant national legislation or international conventions，time and voyage charterers purport to deny any liability under the contract of carriage，despite the reality of their involvement in the loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo，in choosing the ship&39;s route，in hiring the stevedores，and in many other facets of the ship&39;s operation．

Such clauses are effectively non-responsibility clauses which contravene the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules，the Hamburg Rules，which state that any clauses relieving or excluding the carrier from liability under a contract of carriage shall be null and void and of no effect．This position has been generally accepted by the courts of continental and civilian European countries，which have rightly viewed such clauses with suspicion as illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions．

问题：

The inserted clauses that state the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage are ________．

A.effective

B.within the meaning of Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules

C.null and void and of no effect

D.compulsory

According to the passage，the clauses mentioned above are ________．A.against the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules

B.ineffectively non-responsibility clauses

C.prepared by the courts of continental and civilian European countries

D.guidance for the operations of loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo

“This position”refers to ________．A.the tendency of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to deny the attempts by charterers to avoid their liability in the carriage of GOODs by sea

B.the consideration of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to accept the charterers' liability

C.the consideration of of the charterers to evade the mandatory application of the international conventions

D.the illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions

The effectively non-responsibility clauses ________．A.are suspected to be illegal

B.are mandatory application of the international conventions

C.have many facets of the ship's operation

D.have been excluded in continental and civilian European countries

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Sensitive to color

Can assess heading

Can identify small targets

Can see light configurations

Can assess ship types

Can identify conspicuous marks

Can identify flashing lights Has better discrimination

Can see changing weather patterns

Can see effect of sea on vessel

Not affected by blind arcs (if observer moves)．

问题： BLIND ARCS mean ______ ．

A.the arcs from which one can not see certain objects

B.the arcs which are blind

C.the black arcs

D.the arcs from which one can see certain objects

This paragraph is a ______ ．A.a clause of a contract

B.an explanation of advantage of eyes over radar

C.a requirement from a government

D.an article of Colreg

DISCRIMINATION means the ______ ．A.provision

B.dimension

C.distinction

D.permission

The eye is more ______ than radar．A.distinguishable

B.reasonable

C.controllable

D.reliable

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A.联系

B.合约

C.联系人

D.备忘录

A.unilateral contract

B.bilateral contract

C.executed contract

D.executory contract

A.no company stamp on the contract

B.the contract is not valid

C.her boss is absent-minded

A.business/invoice/contract

B.foreign trade/contract/invoice

C.business/LC/contract

D.foreign trade/invoice/contract

A.exclusive principal contract

B.exclusive agency contract

C.ratified contract

D.apparent agency contract

By writing out a contract and having both parties sign the contract you are () both parties involvled.

A: protecting

B: avoiding

C: offending

D: harming