Who may serve as the person in charge of loading and discharge operations aboard a tanker

Passage Two

The student who wants a newspaper career has much hard work ahead of him before he can ecome even a cub, or beginning reporter. He may begin by working on his high school ewspaper or yearbook.

Then the aspiring (有志的) reporter may break into newspaper work as a copyboy, running rrands and helping sta. ff reporters. He may even be given a chance to write small stories. ometimes students who are interested in news reporting can get jobs as campus reporters for ocal newspapers.

Jobs such as these serve to acquaint the beginner with the atmosphere of newsgathering.They give him a chance to sharpen his eye for details and teach him to be sure that his facts are accurate, that he reports them correctly, and that he writes his articles clearly. This work may lead to a job as a cub reporter on a newspaper, the important first step toward a career in news reporting.

36. The best title for this passage is ______.

A. The Work of a Newspaper Reporter

B. Reporting News from the Campus

C. Getting Started as a Reporter

D. What a Copyboy Does

Passage Five

In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal (目标) of language use is communication (交际), then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying "I do it" to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by communicating with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say "I'll do it". The result can serve as a basis for the student to change his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to communicate in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.

52. According to the passage, the present tense in English is ______.

A. not used to express one's readiness to do something in the immediate future

B. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention

C. basically the same in English as it is in Spanish

D. not the most difficult problem for foreign students

Common Problems, Common Solutions

The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago and decided it's not for you.

The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.

And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you're open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and non-smokers — or you wouldn't be reading this.

And those three things make you incredibly(难以置信的) important today.

Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker's and not the anti-smoker's — that will determine how much of society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.

For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion(转移) of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent(卓越的) health organization, to cite(引证) but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in antismoking propaganda)and only 2 cents on research.

There will always be some who want to build wails, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.

But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary(暂时的) at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society's interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.

Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.

What does the word "wall" used in the passage mean？

A．Anti-smoking propaganda.

B．Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.

C．Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.

D．Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.

hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency, just as there are opportunities for voluntary service【C1】______ (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment,【C2】______ there are opportunities for overseas service for【C3】______ technicians in developing countries. Some people,【C4】______ those who retire early,【C5】______ their technical and business skills in countries【C6】______ there is a special need.

So in considering voluntary or【C7】______ community service there are more opportunities than there【C8】______ were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time 【C9】______ , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different.【C10】______ some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not【C11】______ them by commercial criteria.

The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different【C12】______ , both personal and 【C13】______ . One should not join them 【C14】 ______ to arm them with professional expertise. They must be joined with commitment to the【C15】______ , not business efficiency. Because salaries are【C16】______ or non-existent may voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for【C17】______ , simply because they enjoy the work.

Many community activities possible 【C18】______ retirement were also possible during one's working life but they are to be undertaken 【C19】______ seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 【C20】______ ommunity service.

【C1】

A．over sea

B．oversea

C．overseas

D．over seas

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.

Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.

Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.

21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.

A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problems

B) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material world

C) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily life

D) all of the above

22. Which of the following may be representative of science？

A) The improvement of people's life.

B) The theory of people's life.

C) Farming tools.

D) Mass production.

23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.

A) must be strictly objective

B) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikes

C) should conform. to popular opinions

D) always appear in perfect and finished forms

24. The author states that technology itself _____.

A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustion

B) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves

C) will lead to a better world if put to wise use

D) will inevitably be for bad purpose

25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.

A) positive

B) negative

C) factual

D) critical

According to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) , car crashes are the leading cause of death among children between 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: "【61】50% of children who die in crashes are unrestrained. In addition, 4 out of 5 children are【62】restrained. "

The NHTSA offers a number of safety【63】and cautions for those who are accompanied by children while driving. 【64】laws vary from country to country and even from state to state, these guidelines may serve as food for【65】to many parents and guardians of children.

The safest place for all children is in the back seat. Infants should be placed in a rear-facing child safety seat in the baekseat of the car. A child【66】a year old and weighing at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the child can use a "booster seat(儿童案例椅) ",【67】is secured by one of the car's lap and shoulder belts. At approximately 80 pounds and a【68】of about four feet nine inches, the child may begin using an adult safety strap.

Children should not sit in the front passenger seat【69】they are at least 13 years of age. Front- passenger air bags can cause serious【70】to younger children and babies.

When a booster seat is used, a lap belt alone will not provide【71】protection if the booster seat does not have a【72】.

Do not think that a shoulder belt alone will protect a small child; in the【73】of a crash, the belt may【74】the neck of the child, causing serious injury or even death.

Follow instructions closely when【75】and using child seats. According to NHTSA, "even the 'safest' seat may not protect your child if it isn't used correctly. "

(61)

A．Of

B．On

C．Over

D．Behind

actually increase your chance of a massive heart attack or stroke，recent studies found.

In the first of two studies（1）in Heart， German researchers spent a decadestudying the（2）and intensity of weekly exercise in 1，000 people in their 60swith coronary artery heart disease （冠心病）， almost half of whom were（3）2-4times a week. Predictably， participants who（4）less than 2 times a week weredetermined to be at greater risk for a heart attack. However， counter-intuitively （直觉地 ） ， participants who exercised more than the average were also twice aslikely to have a heart attack or stroke than the average.

A different study found that young men who engage in endurance exercisemore than five hours a week may（5）their risk of developing an irregular heartrhythm later in life.

Swedish researchers surveyed 44，000 men， ages 45-79， about theirexercise（6）at ages of 15，30，50 and over in 2013. Those who exercised（7）formore than five hours a week were 19% more likely to have developed an irregularheartbeat， which is a（8）factor in stroke risk.

Despite their findings， researchers（9）sounding the alarm full-force onintense exercise， citing the "benefits of exercise" while clarifying that "thestudies reviewed here， and future studies， will serve to maximize benefits obtainedby（10）exercise while preventing undesirable effects of intense exercise."

A．active

B．avoided

C．behavior.

D．consequently

E．Density

F．Energetic

G．Engagement

H．Exercised

I．Frequency

J．Increase

K．Intensely

L．Key

M．Largely

N．Published

O．regular

第（1）题__________

查看材料

e is probation, a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdictions but that essentially involves the suspension of sentence on the of fender subject to the condition that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer and possibly agrees to comply with such other requirements as the court many think appropriate. Usually, if the offender complies with the probation officer and commits no further offense while it is in force, no other penalty is imposed, but if he breaks the requirement of the order or commits another offense, he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense as well as the later one. In many U. S. states. probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance; in England the sentence is not fixed in advance, and the court has complete discretion if there is a breach to sentence the offender for the original crime in light of his tater behaviour. English law allows suspended sentence of of imprisonment for a specified period (not more than two years), on condition that tile offender commit no further offense during the period of suspension. This is different from a probation order, as no supervision is required and no other conditions may be included in the order.

Other alternatives to prison are based on the idea of preventing an offender from committing further offenses, without necessarily confining him in a prison. The most familiar power of this kind is that of disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle or from holding a driver's license. This power is available under the laws of most countries to deal with those offenders who either commit serious driving offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, or who commit repeated but less serious offenses, such as speeding. In many countries there exists a system in which the offender is awarded a number of points each time he commits a motoring offense; when the number of points accumulated reaches a certain figure, he is automatically disqualified for a specified period. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving those offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offender from committing further such offenses. Although attractive in the abstract, this seldom works well in practice, as the absence of a driver’s license may well prevent an offender from finding work after release from prison; as a result he may be likely to commit further crimes. Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes: a fraudulent company director may be disqualified from being involved in the direction of a company, a corrupt politician may be disqualified from holding public office, or a parent who sexually abuses his children may be deprived of parental authority over them.

The first paragraph is primarily about ______.

A．ways of dealing with offenders

B．the probation system

C．the suspension of sentence on the offender

D．the suspended sentence of imprisonment

A Health Profile

A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will(1)what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to(2)work, how your daily(3)compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you(4)exercising and what type of exercise you engage(5), how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and(6)or not you have any one of a number of addictions.(7)this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve(8)a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests.

(9)this profile is thoroughly drawn, you can begin to think about setting health priorities based(10)your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinis every evening, have a high-stress(11), are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed(12)losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job, giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some(13)to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is(14)excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will(15)him in the future.

profile n. 侧影，概貌

hazard n. 危险,危害

checkup n. 健康检查,体检

martini n. 马提尼酒

baseline n. 基础,起点

marihuana n. 大麻烟 (一种毒品)

A．know

B．have known

C．need know

D．need to know