Individuals who have consumed alcohol within 24 hours of exposure to H2S can tolerate ____

separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies. ()

A bank trust department has three portfolio managers (Diane Cole, Tomas Bermudez, and Anthony Ring), who have been awarded the right to use the CFA designation, and one other employee (Diane Takao) who has registered for the Level 3 CFA exam. The bank wants to include information about these individuals in a brochure. According to CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct, which of the following is the mostappropriate use the designation in the brochure？

A) Anthony Ring is a Chartered Financial Analyst who has had 10 years of experience as a portfolio manager.

B) Diane Takao passed Level 2 of the CFA examination and is currently enrolled to take Level 3.

C) Tomas Bermudez is a CFA-type portfolio manager, who specializes in growth stocks.

D) Diane Cole is one of three CFAs in our trust department.

levision. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders: they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

There is a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior. a good reason for things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior. therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ______.

A．and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys

B．in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

C．just to meet his or her strong psychological need

D．entirely with an irrational eagerness

•Read the article below about the importance of communication in business.

•Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

•For each question 21-30, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Business communication

One of the most important features in any business is communication. Good communications are required at all stages of the business process. Businesses employ, and are owned and run by, various groups of people. Workers, directors and shareholders are three important groups closely (21) with a business. Other influential groups include customers, suppliers and the government.

Communication (22) between these groups and the individuals who make up the groups. Within (23) companies internal communications occur at, and between the various levels. Directors communicate with one another concerning the company's overall strategy. They (24) managers of their plans, and the managers then communicate with the other employees (25) are conducted concerning pay and working conditions. Managers communicate decisions and orders and try to (26) morale and motivation through good communication. Employees (27) communicate with each other, for example over production and wages.

External communication occurs when a company's directors or employees communicate with those individuals and groups who (28) with the company. Shareholders receive copies of the company's annual accounts, together with the (29) of the Chairman and Directors. Government departments require statistical and financial information from the company. An advertising agency is (30) about the company's advertising policies. Customers need to know if goods have not been despatched and suppliers contacted if their goods have not been delivered. Reliable and effective communication is one of the key elements which leads to efficient management of a company.

(21)

A．implicated

B．committed

C．involved

D．interested

mself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is, mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men, and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.

For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men.

And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, inasmuch as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.

According to the author, the three elements that comprise the perfect mind are ______.

A．tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mind

B．precise imagination, tenacity of memory, quickness of thought

C．quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thought

D．promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought

A partnership must consist of three or more individuals who co-own the business.()

A.while

B.which

C.who

D.what

ad projector hums，and you cannot concentrate on the slides. You stop absorbing information and become absent-minded. The professor lost you a long time ago. You are bored.

Virtually everyone gets bored once in a while. Most of us chalk it up to a dull environment. “The most common way to define boredom in Western culture is‘having nothing to do. ’”says psychologist Stephen Vodanovich of the University of West Florida. And indeed，early research into the effects of boredom focused on people forced to perform. dull tasks，such as working a factory assembly line.

But boredom is not merely an natural property of the circumstances，researchers say. Rather this perception is subjective and rooted in aspects of consciousness. Levels of boredom vary among people：some individuals are far less liable to boredom than others-and some，such as extroverts(性格外向者)，are more likely to have this feeling.

Thus，a new generation of scientists is coping with the psychological interpretations of this most tedious of human emotions-and they have found that it is more complicated than is commonly known. Researchers say that boredom is not a unified concept but rather comes in several flavors. Level of attention，an aspect of conscious awareness，plays an important role in boredom，such that improving a person's ability to focus may therefore decrease boredom. Emotional factors can also contribute to boredom. People who are poor in understanding their own feelings and those who become sucked in and distracted by their moods are more easily bored，for example.

Staying away from tedium is not easy. People who are liable to boredom are more likely to suffer from ills such as depression and drug addiction；they also tend to be socially awkward and poor performers at school or work.

The purpose of the first paragraph is to______.

A．illustrate why people are less able to focus

B．show how boring a lecture in a dark room is

C．tell people how fatigue affects concentration

D．describe a situation where people can get bored

cerned with understanding patterns of human relationships, their causes and their effects. Unlike psychology, sociology does not attempt to explain the behavior. of a particular individual under certain circumstances. Rather, sociology focuses on social trends or other influences that affect whole groups or categories of people. Thus, while a psychologist might counsel an individual who feels worthless after retiring from a long and successful career, a sociologist would be more likely to examine societal attitudes that may contribute to the loss of self-esteem experienced by many retired persons in our society.

The emphasis that sociology places on human groups rather than individuals stems directly from the work of Emile Durkheim, a pioneering sociologist of the nineteenth century. Durkheim likened the nature of a social group to bronze, a unique metal that is formed when the metals tin, copper, and lead are melted and mixed together. Durkheim noted that bronze is much harder than any of its component metals. In the same way, he reasoned, the characteristics of a social group viewed as a whole cannot be determined simply by examining the characteristics of its individual members. Nor can individuals be understood strictly in terms of the individuals themselves; when people come together as members of a particular group, the group exerts considerable pressure on the individual to conform. to what it considers acceptable ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Besides developing a theoretical foundation for the study of social groups, Durkheim also conducted research de- signed to corroborate his theoretical work. Using landmark research methods, Durkheim collected and analyzed data from a number of countries that kept records on suicides. He wanted to show that social environment may have a profound effect even on those behaviors we consider most personal. The results of his study showed that suicide rates do indeed vary according to specific social characteristics. For example, Durkheim found that members of religions with strong prohibitions against suicide are less likely to commit suicide than are members of religious groups with weaker prohibitions. He also found a lower incidence of suicide among married persons than among persons who were single or divorced. Taken together, the findings of Durkheim' s study provided convincing evidence that social groups do indeed exert pressures that control or regulate the behavior. of individuals, including deeply personal behaviors.

Durkheim's rigorous research methods captured the attention of sociologists around the world, and were perhaps even more important to the future development of sociology than any specific research results could be. Within a short time, his specific approach to formulating and testing social theory became a model that guided the work of nearly all sociologists. This assured Emile Durkheim a lasting place as one of the key figures in the history of sociology.

Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the selection？

A．Both the social group theory and the scientific research methods developed by Durkheim have contributed much to the field of sociology.

B．Durkheim believed that individual members of a group strongly influence the group' s ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

C．The research study conducted by Durkheim provided strong evidence that suicide rates vary among members of different social groups.

D．Through his research, Durkheim made great strides in distinguishing sociology from psychology.