Freight rates are mostly charged________.A.by the weight（tons)of cargoB.by the capacity（to

Ocean freight rates may be broadly divided into container rates and liner freight rates.( )

The main advantages of the conference system to shippers are( ).

A. stability of freight rates B. regularity of the services

C. flexible procedures D. high rates

Liner freight rates remain comparatively steady over a period of time.( )

A．Class Rates

B．Specific Commodity Rates

C．Minimum Charges

D．General Cargo Rates

Freight rates can be influenced by such factors as mode of transport, origin and destination of the cargo, and nature of good and packing.（)

此题为判断题(对，错)。

A．General Cargo Rate

B．Specific Commodity Rate

C．Commodity Classification Rate

D．Freight All Kinds Rate

A．General Cargo Rate

B．Specific Commodity Rate

C．Commodity Classification Rate

D．Freight All Kinds Rate

mboats in the early 1800s and by diesel power in the 1920s. A distinction is generally made between deep-water and navigable inland water transport. Domestic commerce centers on the Great Lakes, canals, and navigable rivers.

In 1975 water transport accounted for 22.6 per cent of total inter-city tonnage. Its relative share of inter-city tonnage was 31.3 per cent in 1947 and 31.7 per cent in 1958. Tonnage declined to 27.9 per cent in 1965 but increased by 1970 to 28.4 per cent. This short- term increase did not stabilize. Market share dropped by 5.8 per cent by 1975. Forecasted market share by 1985 is 18.4 per cent of total inter-city tonnage. The water transport share of revenue has been less than 2 per cent of inter-city freight revenue since 1955.

The exact miles of improved waterways in operation depend in part on whether coast- wise and inter-coastal shipping are included. Approximately 26,000 miles of improved inland waterways were operated in 1975. Fewer miles of improved inland waterways exist than of any other transportation mode.

The main advantage of water transport is the capacity to move extremely large shipments. Deep-water vessels are restricted in operation, but diesel-towed barges have a fair degree of flexibility, in comparison to rail and highway, water transport ranks in the middle with respect to fixed cost. The fixed cost of operation is greater than that of motor carriers but less than that of railroads. The main disadvantage of water is the limited degree of flexibility and the low speeds of transport. Unless the source and destination of movement are adjacent to a waterway, supplemental haul by rail or truck is required. The capability of water to transport large tonnage at low variable cost places this mode of transport in demand when low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration.

Freight transported by inland water leans heavily to mining and basic bulk commodities, such as chemicals, cement, and selected agricultural products. In addition to the restrictions of navigable waterways, terminal facilities for bulk and dry cargo storage and load-unload devices limit the flexibility of water transport. Labor restrictions on loading and unloading at dock level create operational problems and tend to reduce the potential range of available traffic. Finally, a highly competitive situation has developed between railroads and inland water carriers in areas where parallel routings exist.

Inland and Great Lakes water transport will continue to be a viable alternative for future logistical system design. The full potential of the St. Lawrence Seaway has not yet been realized with respect to domestic freight. The slow passage of inland river transport can provide a form. of warehousing in transit if fully integrated into overall system design. Improvements in ice-breaking equipment appear on the verge of eliminating the seasonal limitations of water transport.

Why it is difficult to say exactly how many miles of improved waterways are in operation？

A．The most recent figure is for 1975 and the figure is declining.

B．Water transport's market share goes up and down frequently.

C．So few miles of inland waterways exist that no one has bothered to count them.

D．You must know whether to include coastwise and inter-coastal shipping in the figure.

根据已知资料改正下列单据中错误的地方

1．信用证资料

Form of Doc. Credit＊40A :IRREVOCABLE

Doc. CreditNumber＊20 :LC-320-0254771

Date of Issue 31C :060922

Expiry＊31D :Date061222 PlaceCHINA

Applicant＊50 :MARCONOCORPORATION

RM1001 , STARBLDG. TOLYO.JAPAN

Beneficiary＊59 :QINGDAO(SHANDONG)HUARUI CO.

NO.35 WUYI ROAD QINFDAO,

CHINA

Amount＊32B :CurrencyUSD Amount 70000.00

Pos./Neg.Tol.(%) 39A :5/5

Availablewith/by＊41D :ANY BANK

BY NEGOTIATION

Draft at… 42C :DRAFTS AT SIGHT FOR FULL INVOICE

VALUE

Drawee 42A :ROYALBANK LTD.TOLYO

Partialshipments 43P :ALLOWED

Transshipment 43T :NOT ALLOWED

Loading inCharge 44A :SHIPMENT FROM CHINESE MAIN PORT

For Transportto 44B :OSAKA,JAPAN

Latest Date ofShip. 44C :061210

Descript. ofGoods 45A :

HALF DRIED PRUNE 2005CROP

GRADE SPEC QNTY UNIT PRICE

(CASE) (USD/CASE)

A L:500CASE M:500CASE 1,000 22.0 CFR OSAKA

B L:1200CASE M:1200CASE 2400 22.0 FER OSAKA

PACKING: IN WOODEN CASE,12KGS PERCASE

TRADE TERMS:CFR OSAKA

Documents required 46A:

FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEANBILLS OF LADING MADE OUT

TO ORDER OF SHIPPER AND BLANKENDORSED AND MARKED

“FREIGHT PREPAID”AND “NOTIFYMARCONO CORPORATION.RM1001.

STAR BLDGTOKYO,JAPAN”

﹢MANUALLY SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN TRIPLICATE(3)

INDICATING APPPLICANT’S REF. NO.SCLI-98-0474.

﹢PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE(3).

Details ofCharges 71B :ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDEJAPANARE FOR

ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIARY

PresentationPeriod 48 :DOCUMENTS TO BE PRESENTED WITHIN 15 DAYS

AFTER THE DATEOF SHIPMENT,BUT WITHIN THE

VALIDITY OF THECREDIT.

2．补充资料

发票号码：76IN-C001， 发票日期：2006年9月8日

提单号码：NSD220055， 提单日期：2006年12月5日

船名：FENGLEI V.66026H 装运港：青岛港

集装箱：2×20'FCL CY/CY 出口口岸：青岛海关

TRIU 1764332 SEAL05003 合同号：HA1101

KHLU1766888 SEAL 05004 SHIPPING MARKS(唛头)

出口商：青岛华瑞贸易公司 MO

净重：12.00KGS/CASE HA1101

毛重：14.00KGS/CASE OSAKA

尺码：(20×10×10)CM/CASE NOS1-3400