In the photographer's finest pictures there is also a ()() ambiguity, which allows them to be interpreted ina variety of ways.

A.Chinese & Overseas Photographers Viewing Enshi

B.Chinese & Overseas Photographers Look at Enshi

C.Enshi in the Eyes of Chinese & Overseas Photographers

A.invited

B.to invite

C.being invited

D.having invited

A.Chinese & Overseas Photographers Viewing Enshi

B.Chinese & Overseas Photographers Look at Enshi

C.Enshi in the Eyes of Chinese & Overseas Photographers

s are constantly searching for that（26）the composition or lighting that will help them snap their next masterpiece．This transfers into their everyday life， so even when they do not have their photos in

mind， they will be more than （27）point out the beauty of a particular scene they come across and change their partner"s （28）on things．A lot of people assume that photographers （29） physical beauty， but the really good ones can actually find beauty in anything and everyone ! They find beauty in the harshest places and make them look stunning! This is a（30） talent to have——to change how a person looks at the world．

Creativity （31）one artist to another， as well as from one art form. to another， but it always leaves a distinct mark on a（32）the artist develops．Photography is a good way to a distinct lifestyle， and gives you a（33） mind-set．With a few simple tips you can make your photos look great， but the originality and（34）values of the photos， are goals that you really need to be a talented and dedicated （35） to reach．It is just the general approach of documenting particular moments in time in an as beautiful way as possible．

第（26）题__________ 查看材料

Passage Two

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual' because they were very lifelike.

Photographs also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed feelings like other kinds of art.

36. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of______.

A. his business

B. his house

C. his garden

D. his window

was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography seized America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far corners of the earth. Eastman called his now famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that' he liked the word. It was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language.

An immediate consequence of Eastman's invention was a number of amateur (业余的) photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word was borrowed from hunters' jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good day's shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon.

The Kodak made photography not easy but fun. Almost overnight photography became one of the world's most popular hobbies. A new and ubiquitous(普遍存在的) folk art was born; the showing of one's latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes. Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One amateur was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took innumerable photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, "In my opinion you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it."

"The little black box," as the Kodak was affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way people communicated. "A picture is worth a thousand words" was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone--1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak--it is estimated that close to thirty billion pictures were taken worldwide. Haft of these, fifteen billion, were taken in the United States alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally incredible.

Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has vastly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photographs have immeasurably extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings.

Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his "little black box" ？

What is the underlying significance of the invention of the Kodak？

A．It marked the beginning of manufacturing small cameras.

B．It met the need of photographers in America and Europe.

C．It made picture-taking suddenly popular among ordinary people.

D．It made the work of professionals more enjoyable.

The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized

the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry,

papers must reflect the diversity of the communities to which they provide

information. It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage 【S1】______

or risk losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support.

Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial 【S2】______

minorities, the paper has put into place policies and

procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The 【S3】______

underlying reason for the change is that for information to b

fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the 【S4】______.

same kind of population that reads it.

A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and

photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times' 【S5】______.

content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about

diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content 【S6】______.

audit (审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of

representation of woman and people of color in photographs. 【S7】______

Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too

Infrequently and were pictured with a disproportion number

of negative articles. The audit results from 【S8】______.

improvement in the frequency of majority representation and 【S9】______.

their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a 【S10】______.

result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper. The diversity

training and content audits helped the Seattle Times Company to win

the Personnel Journal Optimal Award for excellence in managing change.

【S1】

onent' s king in' a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to "trap" light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses.

The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory, chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer' s job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass-produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today' s lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of the fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today' s lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

In what way does lens design resemble chess？

A．In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.

B．In the designs of the two activities.

C．The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.

D．Each has a doer and a competitor.

Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent(透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.

The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19thcentury craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____

A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known

B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found

C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results

D) both A and C

根据阅读材料回答问题。本题为单选题，请给出正确答案及解析，谢谢！

s listened to Bush slog(艰难行进) through his familiar pep talk(鼓舞士气的讲话) last Thursday night, the party faithfully knew they were anything but united. Over the last year, they ejected a majority leader, quarreled over morality and spending, and openly criticized the president on Iraq, port security and a Supreme Court pick.

For five years nobody needed to explain the word "united" to Republicans; it was their biggest strength. The president handed his agenda to Congress and the party leaders delivered the votes. They twisted the arms of small-government conservatives to pass education reforms and Medicare drug benefits. They held their ranks together even as the Iraq occupation was losing supports in 2004. And they picked up seats in two election cycles. But now that company has fallen apart. Members of Congress, tired of being taken for granted by a bossy White House, have lost faith in the president's politican touch.

The stress is starting to show. Republicans are beginning to look and sound like their own caricature(漫画)of the Democrats: disorganized, off message and unsure of their identity. Fearful of defeat in November, GOP candidates are uncertain how to pull themselves together in the eight months left before the elections. The toughest question: whether to run, as they have in the past, as Bush Republicans, or to push the, president out of their campaigns. "What I've tried to tell people is that a political storm is gathering, and if we don't do something to stop it, we'll be in the minority a year from now," says Rep. Ray La Hood from Illinois. "But some people still don't get it."

The president won't have an easy time persuading Republicans to stick with him. Second-term presidents often suffer a six-year slump, losing seats for their party at this point. Bush has actually been lucky in one respect. He held his party together longer than most two-term presidents. Johnson kept control for just eight months until he suffered defeat on the issue of home rule for the District of Columbia in 1965, when Democrats took him on—and won.

Some candidates are happy to stand beside Bush, as long as nobody actually sees them together. Locked in a tight race for re-election, Sen. Mike DeWine chose not to accompany Bush on one trip to his home state of Ohio last month. A week later he attended a private fund-raiser with the president in Cincinnati—out of sight of photographers and reporters.

While listening to Bush's pep talk, the Republicans______.

A．were inspired by the president to hold together

B．lost interest in the frequently heard content

C．disagreed with the president on his slogan

D．felt impatient with the slow speech

listened to Bush slog(艰难行进) through his familiar pep talk(鼓舞干气的讲话) last Thursday night, the party faithfully knew they were anything but united. Over the last year, they ejected a majority leader, quarreled over morality and spending, and openly criticized the president on Iraq, port security and a Supreme Court pick.

For five years nobody needed to explain the word "united" to Republicans; it was their biggest strength. The president handed his agenda to Congress and the party leaders delivered the votes. They twisted the arms of small-government conservatives to pass education reforms and Medicare drug benefits. They held their ranks together even as the Iraq occupation was losing supports in 2004. And they picked up seats in two election cycles. But now that company has fallen apart. Members of Congress, tired of being taken for granted by a bossy White House, have lost faith in the president's political touch.

The stress is starting to show. Republicans are beginning to look and sound like their own caricature(漫画) of the Democrats: disorganized, off message and unsure of their identity. Fearful of defeat in November, GOP candidates are uncertain how to pull themselves together in the eight months left before the elections. The toughest question: whether to run, as they have in the past, as Bush Republicans, or to push the president out of their campaigns. "What I've tried to tell people is that a political storm is gathering, and if we don't do something to stop it, we'll be in the minority a year from now," says Rep. Ray LaHood from Illinois. "But some people still don't get it."

The president won't have an easy time persuading Republicans to stick with him. Second-term presidents often suffer a six-year slump, losing seats for their party at this point. Bush has actually been lucky in one respect. He held his party together longer than most two-term presidents. Johnson kept control for just eight months until he suffered defeat on the issue of home rule for the District of Columbia in 1965, when Democrats took him on—and won.

Some candidates are happy to stand beside Bush, as long as nobody actually sees them together. Locked in a tight race for re-election, Sen. Mike DeWine chose not to accompany Bush on one trip to his home state of Ohio last month. A week later he attended a private fund-raiser with the president in Cincinnati—out of sight of photographers and reporters.

While listening to Bush's pep talk, the Republicans______.

A．were inspired by the president to hold together

B．lost interest in the frequently heard content

C．disagreed with the president on his slogan

D．felt impatient with the slow speech