C is sometimes referred to as a 'high -level（66)language'. Some people think that's an ins

Something has been happening to the concept of "fiction",either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, __1__this concept operated under common understood restrictions. __2__It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain __3__aspect of literature in general——the element of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, __4__scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained __5__a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of "fiction" has undergone an extension. Though still used to __6__refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to __7__be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is __8__not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the "message" or "world view" conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter.

Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind __9__of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all __10__meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that "life" and "reality" are themselves fictions.

education in an institution of higher learning. The word college is used to refer to either a college or a university. These institutions offer four-year programs that lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B．A．) or Bachelor Science (B．S.) degree. Some students attend a junior college (providing only a two-year program) for one to two years before entering a four-year college as a sophomore (二年级生) or junior (三年级生). It is generally easier to be accepted at a state university than at a private one. Most private schools require strict entrance examinations and a high grade point average (GPA), as well as specific college prep classes in high school. Private schools cost considerably more than state colleges and famous private schools are very expensive. Poorer students can sometimes attend, however, by earning scholarships. Some college graduates go on to earn advanced masters or doctoral degrees in grad (graduate) school. Occupations in certain fields such as law or medicine require such advanced studies. Since college costs are very high, most students work at part-time jobs. Some have full-time jobs and go to school part-time. Often some will take five or more years to complete a four-year program because of money / job demands on their time. While the college and work demands take up the great part of a students time, most still enjoy social activities. Sports, dances, clubs, movies, and plays are all very popular. However, gathering together for long, philosophical talks at a favorite meeting place on or near the university is probably the most popular activity. College education is _______ in America．

A.quite common

B.very rare

C.something difficult

D.almost impossible

About 35% of all high school graduates in America continue their education in an institution of higher learning. The

word college is used to refer to either a college or a university. These institutions offer four-year programs that lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor Science (B.S.) degree. Some students attend a

junior college (providing only a two-year program) for one to two years before entering a four-year college as a

sophomore (二年级生) or junior (三年级生).

It is generally easier to be accepted at a state university than at a private one. Most private schools require strict

entrance examinations and a high grade point average (GPA), as well as specific college prep classes in high school.

Private schools cost considerably more than state colleges and famous private schools are very expensive. Poorer

students can sometimes attend, however, by earning scholarships. Some college graduates go on to earn advanced

masters or doctoral degrees in grad (graduate) school. Occupations in certain fields such as law or medicine require

such advanced studies.

Since college costs are very high, most students work at part-time jobs. Some have full-time jobs and go to school

part-time. Often some will take five or more years to complete a four-year program because of money / job demands

on their time.

While the college and work demands take up the great part of a student’s time, most still enjoy social activities. Sports,

dances, clubs, movies, and plays are all very popular. However, gathering together for long, philosophical talks at a

favorite meeting place on or near the university is probably the most popular activity.

College education is _______ in America.

A. quite common

B. very rare

C. something difficult

D. almost impossible

fied correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.

After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.

(109)

itual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop sort of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated wit ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.

By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, flexed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life. In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.

Religion in his understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes not only patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environment.

A.推断

B.授予

C.提及

D.提供