Generous public funding of basic science ？

e country’s health, wealth and security.

alth, wealth and security.

A) lead to B) result from C) lie in D) settle down

The author believes that using public monies to fund charter schools is ______.

A．a cure-all solution

B．hard to implement

C．a good idea

D．against the law

This independent organization devoted to the welfare of needy children throughout the world is seventy years old. Many children suffered hunger and homelessness at the end of the First World War. Concerned about the plight(困境) of these children, a group of British volunteers founded a new organization in 1919 to publicize the problems and help improve conditions. A founder member, Eglantyne Jebb, drew up the declaration of the "rights of the child", which was adopted by the League of Nations(later the United Nations). This charter(宪章) sums up the philosophy of Save the Children Fund's work. The basic principle is that dignity and well-being are a vital part of the lives of children and a child should be protected regardless of race, nationality or creed(信仰).

In 1989 millions of children throughout the world are still innocent victims of war, famine and poverty. Save the Children Fund is still working to raise public awareness and improve conditions.

Save the Children Fund

Name of organization:【46】

Time of foundation:【47】

Founders: a group of【48】

Aims: publicize the problem and help【49】

Those to be protected: needy children【50】

阅读以下文章，选择最佳答案填空。

Since the terrorist attacks on the United States in September, Americans have given millions of dollars to help thousands of victims and their families. A lot of that money was given to the American Red Cross.

The American Red Cross collected more than five-hundred-million dollars for this purpose in 1______ it called the Liberty Fund. Recently, Red Cross officials admitted that they 2______ the families all the money that was collected. They said the Liberty Fund was created to help the victims of the September attacks, and also to help victims of future attacks. The officials said they regretted that the American public did not understand this.

Last week, Red Cross officials announced a major change in policy. They said all the money 3______ to the Liberty Fund would be used only to help the victims of the September Eleventh attacks and their families. The money will help families 4______ costs of daily living such as housing and food for up to one year.

Immediately after the terrorist attacks, the Red Cross 5______ money for three months of living costs to more than two-thousand families of people who were killed. Red Cross officials say the organization also provided support to about twenty-three-thousand other families who were affected by the terrorist attacks. These included rescue workers and people who could not go back to their homes near the World Trade Center in New York City. Business people who lost their workplaces also 6______ help.

However, the Red Cross planned to use about half the money given to the Liberty Fund for future programs. It wanted the money to increase blood supplies, improve communications and expand services for families of people 7______ in the military forces. Individuals who had given money to the Liberty Fund reacted strongly to this news. They expected their money to be used immediately to help victims of the attacks. Red Cross officials now say the Liberty Fund will be repaid for any money already 8______ for other projects.

The American Red Cross has been active for more than one hundred years. Its policy has been to 9______ some of the money given after a tragedy to prepare for future emergencies Officials say the organization's appeals are supposed to tell people that the money will be used to help victims of the current emergency or similar ones. They have promised to investigate to see if the message is clear enough to the people who give their money.

Red Cross officials say any relief organization needs to build up an amount of money to help victims of smaller emergencies. The American Red Cross says it 10______ aid services in about sixty-thousand emergency situations each year such as fires, floods, storms and accidents.

1.A、Which B、What C、/ D、that

2.A、should not give B、would not give C、did not give D、were not giving

3.A、that gave B、given C、was given D、gave

4.A、pay B、pay with C、pay at D、pay for

5.A、provided B、produced C、promised D、prepared

6.A、recieved B、accepted C、collected D、gathered

7.A、fighting B、working C、serving D、engaging

8.A、given B、carmarked C、delivered D、used

9.A、keep B、save C、put D、store

10.A、prepared B、provides C、gets D、given

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States. And in this process, he became one of the (47) men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of (48) during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their (49) .

Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their (50) for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, (51) instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to (52) themselves.

Among his more (53) contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is (54) part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to (55) understanding between nations, and the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research.

There are (56) Americans who have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

A) preferring

B) presently

C) wealthiest

D) previously

E) few

F) investments

G) fortune

H) expanding

I) noteworthy

J) promote

K) help

L) shrinking

M) opting

N) obstruct

O) many

Passage Four

The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. E. O. Wilson, a biologist at Harvard, calls the depletion(枯竭、耗尽)of rain forest areas "the greatest extinction since the end of the age of dinosaurs(恐龙)."

Unlike some environmental issues, rain forests' depletion has fortunately received significant public and media's attention. Despite the opposition to the cutting down of rain forests, the problem continues. Every year, Brazil chops down an area of forests the size of the state of Nebraska. In addition to the Amazon's rain forests, many other forests are being cut down as well.: In Indonesia, Zaire, Papua-new Guinea, Malaysia, Burme, the Philippines, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and Venezuela, rain forests that were once great have been lost.

According to some estimates, 50 million acres of rain forest are cut down every year. The United Nations says the figure is closer to 17 million acres. The World Wildlife Fund says that every minute,25 to 50 acres are cut down or burnt to the ground.

The world's growing population has been a primary reason of rain forests' destruction. More people need land to live on and wood products to consume. Limiting population growth may be the first in a series of steps that would alleviate the destruction of the rain forests.

48. In the opinion of the author, ______are being destroyed terribly at present.

A. the oceans

B. the atmosphere

C. the rain forests

D. all the above

Yes, that college tuition bill is bigger this year.

Confirming what students and their parents already knew, an influential education think tank (智囊机构) says that states are passing along their budget woes (因难) to public university students and their families. Tuitions are rising by double digits in some states, while the amount of state funded student aid is dropping.

The result, says the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education in San Jose, Calif., is "the worst fiscal news for public higher education institutions and their students in at least a decade."

Although incomes are rising by only 1% to 2% in most states, tuition at four-year public schools leapt by 24% in Massachusetts, 20% in Texas and 7% nationally since the 2001-2002 school year, the center says.

State budget deficits (预算赤字) are the cause. Nationally, states spend about 48% of their revenue on education, or about ＄235 billion in 2001 for kindergarten through college, says the National Governors Association. Elementary and secondary education budgets are protected in many state constitutions, which means they are generally the last expense that states will cut. But higher education is vulnerable to budget cuts--and tuition increases: After all, no one has to go to college.

Colleges and universities "have clients they can charge," says the National Center's president, Patrick M. Callan. Tuition "is the easiest money to get," he adds.

The pressure to raise tuition is particularly intense because states froze or even cut state university tuition during the 1990s. With its eye on the knowledge-driven economic boom, the University of Virginia cut tuition by 20% in 1999. This year, although per-capita income grew by less than 1% in Virginia, the state raised tuition at its four-year colleges by 9% and cut student aid by 8%, about ＄10 million.

The rising cost of public education, and the fear that it is financially squeezing some students out of an education, have prompted some state universities to adopt a practice long used by private schools to attract students: tuition discounting. In tuition discounting, colleges turn around a share of the tuition paid by some students, and use it to pay for scholarships for others. Private colleges typically return ＄35 to ＄45 in scholarships for every ＄100 they collect in tuition revenue. But until recently, states have viewed discounting as politically unpopular.

There are a few steps students and their families can take to offset rising tuitions, but not many. Because colleges are always interested in raising academic quality, talented students can pit one college against another in hopes of raising their financial-aid offer. Some colleges now invite students to call and renegotiate their aid packages if they get a better offer from another institution.

College education becomes costlier because______.

A．the state-funded student aid is increased

B．the budgets for elementary and secondary education are increased

C．colleges can no longer depend on states for fund

D．higher education budget will get cut by states

_________

[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!

[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”

[C] What does “national” mean？ Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.

[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.

[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

A.She is a generous

B.She is hard-working

C.She is generous