Critics should be as objective as possible in their_ （analyze) of literary works.

A. imperative

B. objective

C. competitive

D. productive

The Gene Industry

Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls "metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water". They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms.

Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of "microbe spills" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.

Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain？ Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us？ Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race"？ (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting？ Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate "unfit" babies？ Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a "savings bank" full of spare kidney, lives or hands？

Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application.-As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God'？ "Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created".

According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by ______.

A．using metal-hungry microbes

B．making use of enzymes

C．adjusting the engine

D．patenting new life forms

Others say they'll take their case to voters. "We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box," says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of California's Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Monday's ruling had no practical impact in the state. "It may be time for us to let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions," Connerly said Monday.

Meanwhile, U. S. Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bushes stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will "continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions". Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, in one of the opinions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admission officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. "Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal mandate", says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.

The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the non-profit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Monday's ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.

For now, admission officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. While most tend to be closed-mouthed about admission policies, many say they don't expect significant changes.

What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that ______.

A．no admission policies based on race should be implemented

B．minority applicants should be given favorable considerations

C．different standards for admitting minority students should be set up

D．selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discrimin--atory policies

Bilingual education Bilingual education has always been and continues to be a/an __________(1) subject. Some critics argue that bilingual education places an unfair burden on schools, and that taxpayers’ money should not be spent teaching immigrants in their native language. Many people _________(2) bilingual education agree that some bilingual programs are better than others, and not all of them are successful. ________(3), research has proven that students __________(4) are literate in their first language will learn how to read and write a second language more easily. ________(5), students who learn important concepts in math and science in their native language will be able to understand these concepts much more easily when they move into all-English courses.

1.

A、major

B、official

C、neutral

D、controversial

2.

A、in terms of

B、in favour of

C、in line with

D、in case of

3.

A、Therefore

B、Obviously

C、However

D、Moreover

4.

A、whose

B、who

C、whom

D、which

5.

A、Consequently

B、Lastly

C、In addition

D、Whatever

Historical precedent suggests that science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses thatpollute and poison but it takes time，and success often starts small. So it is heartening to note that aprogramme in Leeds has achieved a reduction in childhood obesity，becoming the first UK city to reverse afattening trend. The best results were among younger children and in more deprived areas. When 28% ofEnglish children aged two to 15 are obese，a national shift on the scale achieved by Leeds would lengthenhundreds of thousands of lives.A significant factor in the Leeds experience appears to be a scheme calledHENRY，which helps parents reward behaviours that prevent obesity in children.

Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even with their own government's anti-obesitystrategy，since it involves a “sugar tax”and a ban on the sale of energy drinks to under-16s.Bans and taxescan be blunt instruments，but their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods.These critics justoppose regulation itself.

The relationship between poor health and inequality is too pronounced for governments to be passiveabout large-scale intervention.People living in the most deprived areas are four times more pronc to diefrom avoidable causes than counterparts in more affluent places.As the structural nature of public healthproblcms becomes harder to ignore，the complaint about overprotective government loses potency.

In fact，the polarised debate over public health interventions should have been abandoned long ago.Government action works when individuals are motivated to respond. Individuals need governments thatexpand access to good choices. The HENRY programme was delivered in part through children's centres.Closing such centres and cutting council budgets doesn't magically increase reserves of individual self-reliance. The function of a well-designed state intervention is not to deprive people of liberty but to buildsocial capacity and infrastructure that helps people take responsibility for their wellbeing. The obesitycrisis will not have a solution devised by left or right ideology—but experience indicates that the private sector needs the incentive of regulation before it starts taking public health emergencies seriously.

46. Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve？

A) Government health budgcts are depleted.

B)People disagree as to who should do what.

C) Individuals are not ready to take their responsibilities.

D) Industry lobbying makes it hard to get healthy foods.

47. What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies？

A)Governments have a role to play.

B) Public health is a scientific issue.

C) Priority should be given to deprived regions.

D) Businesses’responsibility should be stressed.

48. What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthy drinks？

A) They are not aware of the consequcnces of obesity.

B)They have not come up with anything more constructive.

C)They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti-obesity debate.

D) They have their own motives in opposing government regulation.

49. Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality？

A) To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas.

B)To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Britain.

C)To highlight the area deserving the most attention from the public.

D) To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem.

50. When will government action be effective？

A)When the polarised debate is abandoned.

B)When ideological differences are resolved.

C) When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly.

D) When the private sector realises the severity of the crisis.

Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they may become aggressive or insecure.

Parents are also concerned about the commercials (商业广告) that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.

Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is Sesame Street, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet (字母) and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.

Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive (被动的) consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it

1). Which of the following statements is not based on the passage？

A. Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children.

B. Television has much influence on children.

C. Both parents and their children like watching educational television.

D. Some critics think that television is no good for children.

2). In what ways do children suffer from television？

A. They become the victims of social violence.

B. They spend hours watching television instead of doing school work.

C. The programs make the children lose interest in the world.

D. The programs make the children spend too much of their parents’ money.

3). Parents would not like their children to see commercials because ______

A. they think that their children are not old enough to handle advertising

B. commercials teach children alphabet and numbers

C. commercials help to sell products

D. they don’t like commercials

4). Educational television is widely appreciated because _____

A. it does have the same commercials as others

B. it offers programs for both children and their parents

C. many parents like the programs it offers for their children

D. children can learn some school subjects before they go to school

5). Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage？

A. Watching Too Much Television Is Harmful to Young Minds.

B. Television Is More Harmful than Educational.

C. Television’s Influence on Children.

D. More Education Television.

Perhaps the uniqueness of America's contribution to the 【27】______ can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important and best-known musicals. One of these is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst 【28】______ popularity in 1943. Broadway audience and critics were 【29】______ by its 【30】______ , vitality and excitement. This "new" type of musical was 【31】______ as kind of 【32】______ theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the scenic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and 【33】______ , but to 【34】______ in a single unifying whole to contribute to its unique feature. 【35】______ , it meant that the songs and dances should 【36】______ naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action 【37】______ . In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style. was organically combined with classical ballet and modem dance. It is fight to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors.

Oklahoma also marked a new 【38】______ in the choice of story on which a musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting 【39】______ more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural 【40】______ Oklahoma was based on a "folk" whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West.

【21】

A．number

B．amount

C．quantity

D．numbers

Soldiers returning home from World War II were usually eager to go on with their lives. For most, that meant starting a family. Between 1946 and 1960, 63 million babies were born in the United States, up 22 million from the fifteen-year period before that. this big jump in the birth rate came to be known as the baby boom (婴儿潮). Before the war, American children were raised very strictly. They were often told to be "seen and not heard." After the war, however, young parents raised their children according to different ideas. Dr. Benjamin Spock's Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, emphasized flexibility (灵活性) in raising children. Spock encouraged parents to listen to their children and respond to their wishes. New parents quickly made Dr. Spock's book the best-selling book in US history. By 1952, sales had reached 4 million copies per year for the next eighteen years. Critics (批评家) who believed that the old ways of raising children were best accused Spock of being too permissive. They thought his ideas would spoil children.

But Spock opposed strict discipline because he thought there were was "no such thing as a bad boy." By this he meant that, although a child's behavior. may be bad, the child is not. Millions of baby-boom parents were influenced by Spock's advice, which brought a revolution in the way children were raised.

1. The article mainly discusses ________________.

A. how children were raised before World War II

B. the benefits of strict discipline on children

C. the impact of baby boomers on the economy

D. the change of the way the baby boomers were raised

2. What can be implied about the baby boom from the first paragraph？

A. Baby boom happened during World War II

B. Most of the baby boomers were from the soldier's families.

C. There are about 85 million babies born in the baby-boom period.

D. The birth rate of the baby boom was increased by 15%.

3. According to the article, Dr. Spock believed that _______.

A. many children born during the war time were born bad

B. parents should be strict with their children

C. there are bad child behaviors but no bad children

D.spoiling the children is a good way to educate children

4. The word "permissive" in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.

A. allowing great freedom

B. being limited

C. involving long time

D. Enjoying happiness

5. The word "they" in the second sentence of Paragraph 3 refers to ________.

A. critics of Spock

B. parents of baby boomers

C. supporters of Spock

D.baby-boomer children