Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their

A．Mickey Mouse lives in a wastebasket．

B．Disney built his cartoon empire on Mickey Mouse

C．Mickey talked when he first appeared on screen．

D．Only children like Mickey Mous

E．

听力原文： US FAMILIES TODAY

In the early days of America, the family held together for economic reasons./Father, mother and children all worked together to build the pioneer family or family business./But today, about one out of three marriages ends in divorce,/and more and more of them involve children./ The divorce rate in America is still the highest in the world,/but 75% of the women and 83% of the men who divorce remarry within 3 years./ The children from the broken families join up to produce a new kind of unit called the blended family. / About 18 million children are now living with their step-brothers and sisters in such an arrangement./

Perhaps the most significant trend today is toward the single-parent household./Of all children under 18, 17% are now living with only one parent./Business and government officials are looking for new ways/to help parents meet their family responsibilities as well as to increase their income./

(1)

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：Interviewer: Mrs.. Leech, can you describe some of the things your school does with aggressive children？

Mrs. Leech: Well, you must realize that when he comes here he is meeting other aggressive children, and aggressive children all together usually sum each other up.

Interviewer: Uhumm.

Mrs. Leech: And they find that aggressiveness here doesn't pay off because you can be jolly sure there's one tougher and worse than he is.

Interviewer: Uhumm.

Mrs. Leech: So I usually have, eh,... I say usually,...

Interviewer: Uhumm.

Mrs. Leech: Sometimes have organized fights. I...

Interviewer: Organized fights？ You actually...

Mrs. Leech: Yes.

Interviewer: You actually encourage the children to ...

Mrs. Leech: We have a ring and we have a bell.

Interviewer: A boxing ring？

Mrs. Leech: Yes!

Interviewer: Uhumm.

Mrs. Leech: And er... they must conform, they must keep to the rules, and when they have either lost or won, we discuss after a) what it is like to be the winner and b) what it is like to lose. And we carry on with our discussion and go on to what it is like in life.

Interviewer: Hmm.

Mrs. Leech: We must win or lose and we must do each very gracefully.

Interviewer: Can you give some reason why children are aggressive.

Mrs. Leech: If a child is one of six or seven children.., er... it's pretty sure that he is naughty and aggressive because he is crying out for attention and in this large family he's found that a jolly good way of getting attention is to shout, be naughty. At least mummy turns round and says, "Be quiet,...

Interviewer: Uhumm.

Mrs. Leech: Be a good boy, or you'll get this or that.

Interviewer: So some children are aggressive simply in order...

Mrs. Leech: To gain attention!

Interviewer: To gain...

Mrs. Leech: Aggressiveness usually is that. It's...

Interviewer: Uhumm.

Mrs. Leech: It's really the children crying out and saying, "Look at me, please."

Interviewer: Umm.

Mrs. Leech: I'm not saying it's the answer in all circumstances but it usually is.

Interviewer: Can you give some of the advantages of your school, as compared with ordinary schools.

Mrs. Leech: The classes are smaller for one thing.

Interviewer: How small？

Mrs. Leech: Er... we only have groups up to five or six.

Interviewer: Uhumm. And in a normal school？

Mrs. Leech: Oh, well.., that varies, of course, but it could be thirty to forty.

Interviewer: Uhum.

Mrs. Leech: Urn... here he does have individual attention every day.

Interviewer: Er... do you think the work is important？

Mrs. Leech: I du. Er... without our unit or something similar...

Interviewer: The unit is the school？

Mrs. Leech: Yes, the whole unit.

Interviewer: Uhum.

Mrs. Leech: I think a lot of children would be left and then perhaps at the age of sixteen, we wonld have our juvenile delinquent. I'm not saying we're curing them all.

Interviewer: Uhum.

Mrs. Leech: But I think at least with the unit available to these children, they have had a chance to make good.

Interviewer: Ummm.

Mrs. Leech: I'm not saying it always pays off, but they have had a chance.

What sort of children attend Mrs. Leeches school？

A．Naughty and violent.

B．Slow and retarded.

C．Wicked but clever.

D．Deserted but aggressive.

第三节 短文理解2

阅读下列短文，从[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选择一个正确答案。

Being away from their families during the holidays is one of the hardest things for most soldiers stationed(驻扎) far away.

Serena Ravenell, 35, has been stationed in Texas and misses her family back home in South Carolina. "I have a 5-year-old son and a daughter who just turned 2 years old. All I can do is talk with them on the phone." Ravenell said.

Many soldiers are stationed in other countries, but even being not very far away in their own country can be heartbreaking. For their families left behind, the holidays can be a hard time.

"Right now my husband is Mr. Mom. He takes care of the children," Ravenell said.

In Ravenell's unit(部队), many women have children or are single mothers. Most of them have relatives(亲戚) taking care of their children while they are away.

"Leaving my little girl was hard. My husband has done a good job, but I think all children need their mothers for those early years," Ravenell said. "Leaving was something that I did not want to, but I knew I had to do."

During the holidays most soldiers ______.

A．miss their families very much

B．ask to go home to see their families

C．have the pleasure of staying with their families

, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged-a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style. family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.

A)transplant

B)solution

C)gadually

D)transport

E)elemental

F)conflict

G)continually

H)mobile

I)couples

J)agricultural

k)including

L)compromise

M)requires

N)primary

O)consisting

s of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of figures like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and gradual. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect. It is true that pupils often search somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. The teacher can develop proper attitudes through social studies, science matters, the very atmosphere of the classroom, etc. However when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise to attempt to change their feelings by criticizing them. The teacher can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experience. To illustrate, first-grade pupils, afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom talk with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as result of objective analysis of all the facts. 62.Why is the teacher in primary school in strategic position to influence attitudes？

A. Because children tend to believe everything that a teacher says.

B. Because children respect a teacher's words so that they acquire attitudes from him/her.

C. Because the teacher knows how to use compulsive methods to influence attitudes.

D. Because the teacher himseltfherself always has correct attitudes towards everything.

l reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people.

"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance: another is the rise of dictators like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive: in the other it was indirect and accumulative. The Nazis were filled largely with the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect.

Another reason, it is true that pupils often study somewhat deeply a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

The media which the teacher can develop healthy attitudes are innumerable. Social studies(with special reference to races, beliefs and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom, these are a few of the fertile fields for the education of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.

To illustrate, first grade pupils' afraid of policemen will properly alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all day trips.

Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her oven attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of the facts.

The author writes this passage primarily in order to show us that______.

A．attitudes affect our actions

B．teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils' attitudes

C．attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

D．by their attitudes teachers affect pupils' attitudes unintentionally

ted because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated hex that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.

The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, hags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8 ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of break fast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time, and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by end less changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's market position.

When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from $ 1 to $2.50 by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very ex pensive luxury, h evidently does come high, when an average family pays about $ 200 a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.

What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus'？

A．Consumers' complaints about the changes in package size.

B．Expensive packaging for poor quality products.

C．A senator's discovery of the tricks in packaging.

D．The rise in the unit price for many products.

It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive (欺骗性的) packaging rumpus (喧嚣)started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.

The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore (杂货店) and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time, and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly again st changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's market position.

When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from $1 to $ 2.50 by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average family pays about $ 200 a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can’t be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.

What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus？

A．Consumers' complaints about the changes in package size.

B．Expensive packaging for poor quality products.

C．A senator’s discovery of the tricks in packaging.

D．The rise in the unit price for many products.