it seems appropriate to use one type of systemto（)the key issues.

blem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge are all【C1】______of intelligence. However, there is【C2】______agreement on other factors,【C3】______mental speed and creativity. Anyone who takes an intelligence test will be given an IQ score. This score allows【C4】______with people of the same age, on the【C5】______that 100 is the average IQ.【C6】______97% of people score【C7】______between 70 and 130. But what do IQ tests measure？ To some【C8】______they measure our knowledge and vocabulary. But they also【C9】______on the size of working memory, speed of【C10】______, and an ability to choose appropriate strategies for solving particular problems. IQ tests were created almost 100 years ago and have generated【C11】______controversy since then. It has been found that IQ scores in America improved【C12】______20 to 30 points over the course of the 20th century. It does not make【C13】______to believe that this increase is due to big leaps in inherited intelligence from one generation to another. Instead, it seems likely that【C14】______generations have been better schooled in【C15】______it takes to do well on the tests. For many psychologists, it seems absurd to【C16】______the whole of human intelligence to the single score obtained on an IQ test【C17】______, they emphasize multiple intelligences. Someone who is skilled at learning languages may not be musically talented.【C18】______, our intelligence seems to vary according to how familiar we are【C19】______particular situations. One group of 10-year-old street vendors in Brazil, with very little schooling, were good at giving the right change, but did much worse when given【C20】______questions presented like school tasks.

【C1】

A．components

B．aspects

C．ingredients

D．phenomena

jority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both Colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard," "colloquial," and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.

Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？

A．Standard speech.

B．Idiomatic speech.

C．Different types of speech.

D．Dictionary. usage.

Door-knocking is the most effective way of making face-to-face community contact, but it has become a lost art. With the recent focus on customer privacy, door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people's lives. But those who try it for the first time are usually surprised by the pleasant reception they receive. Here are some suggestions that will help you promote your services face-to-face.

BEFORE YOU GO OUT

Begin with a door hanger

Try leaving a door hanger two days before you go door knocking. It should briefly describe the project and say that someone will be around in person.

Wear an official name tag

Door-knockers should wear name tags with the logo of their organization. The best name tags will also include a color photo and the name of the caller.

Have people knock their own blocks

The easiest way to do door-knocking is to try your local area first. Being a neighbor creates an immediate connection with the person answering the door; after that, everything else is easy.

WHEN YOU GO OUT

When to go and what to do first

The best times to knock are usually Saturdays. On other days, after dinner is ideal. When someone answers the door, smile and introduce yourself. Give the name of your organization and, briefly, the reason for the visit.

State what action the other person should take and the benefits

Tell the person what they need to do and how their actions will benefit themselves and others.

Record contact information on the spot

Record names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, and responses to questions on the spot. You won't remember them later!

21. Why does the author say that door-knocking has become a lost art？

A. It is not effective, no one will take this method any more.

B. People focus on privacy increasingly, so door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people's lives.

C. It is very difficult to do door-knocking, no one knows how to do it now.

22. Which step should be firstly taken when you try door-knocking？

A. Have people knock their own blocks.

B. Wear an official name tag.

C. Leave a door hanger.

23. Which time is not appropriate for door knocking？

A. Saturday afternoon.

B. Monday morning.

C. Thursday evening.

24. Who will receive pleasant reception when they try door-knocking？

A. A stranger who is not living in this community and gives no notice for his/her visit.

B. An offensive acquaintance who comes at any time.

C. A neighbor who does good preparation and has significant project to introduce.

25. What does the underlined phrase “on the spot” mean？

A. without delay.

B. at some place.

C. in a difficult situation.

o Americans. The language barrier is an obvious problem. However, there are other problems. Many Chinese are hesitant to speak with people that they do not know well or types of people who are outside their previous experiences. Besides, Chinese people often do not know what to talk to Americans about or how to keep the conversation moving.

If you want to get to know Americans, one important piece of advice is this: make the first move yourself. In the United States, it is common and acceptable to start conversations, even with strangers or casual acquaintances. Don' t wait around for an American to talk to you. Start a conversation yourself. Ask questions. Show that you are interested in getting to know them. Of course, not every conversation will result in a friendship, but if you don't start conversations, you will have much less chance of making friends.

If someone seems friendly but you have only exchanged greet/rigs, try starting a conversation. There are a number of possible subjects for casual conversation. Americans talk about their work if they are employed, their classes and majors if they are students, their families, their hobbies and leisure time activities, sports, cur- rent events, and the weather, among other topics. If you are talking to a stranger, you can ask, "What kind of work do you do？" or "Where do you work？" If you know that the other person is a student, you can ask, "What classes are you taking？" and "What is your major？" You should also be prepared to answer questions like these in a conversation. Also, many Americans are interested in China, so you should be able to talk about China and Chinese culture in English.

When you ask questions in a conversation, don't skip around from one topic to another. Follow up one question with a related one. You might ask an American, "Do you have any children？" If the American says, "Yes," don't follow up with a question about work. Ask another question about the children, such as how many children there are or how old they are.

Which of the following is the reason why Chinese people feel awkward talking to Americans？

A．They don't like to talk to strangers.

B．They don't know enough about some topics.

C．They often speak English with a strong accent.

D．They don't talk to them in an appropriate manner.

阅读理解：正误判断

STOPPING YELLING AT YOUR KIDS

Parenting is hard. If you're a parent, I'm sure that I don't need to tell you that our job is a tough one. When you're managing children, it can be difficult to remember that they are still learning. If you find you are yelling at your kids more often than you want to, here are some ways that can help you reduce the yelling. I've been working on this for the past few months and I have to say, it's been amazing for both the kids and me.

If you are having an argument with your child, you need to make sure you both take the time to really listen. It gives both of you time to think and really listen to each other, which is important. Kids are more likely to listen to you if you listen to them!

One of your biggest struggles is to remind yourself of appropriate expectations. You can't expect that your youngest acts as responsibly as your oldest. You should lower what you expect – taking into consideration things like their age – it can make a big difference.

You should do your best to take a moment before yelling and take in a deep breath. It makes a world of difference for you. Instead of yelling, you'd better whisper. It can also help diffuse any situation by making things quieter, not louder. Besides, the more time you spend with your kids, the better you'll get at communicating with them. You're both more likely to understand each other.

If your children aren't listening or it seems they only don't listen to you, you don't take it personally. You should remind yourself that your kids are still learning and they're not going to be perfect.

操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”;句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。

1. As a parent, you may know that parenting is an easy job. {T、F}

2. Listening to each other is a good way to stop argument between parents and their kids. {T、F}

3. Usually younger kids behave less responsibly than elder children.{T、F}

4. Parents should lower their expectations for their kids. {T、F}

5. Both yelling and whispering can help make things quieter. {T、F}

阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容，完成相应的选择题。

DOOR-KNOCKING

Door-knocking is the most effective way of making face-to-face community contact, but it has become a lost art. With the recent focus on customer privacy, door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people's lives. But those who try it for the first time are usually surprised by the pleasant reception they receive. Here are some suggestions that will help you promote your services face-toface.

BEFORE YOU GO OUT

◆ BEGIN WITH A DOOR HANGER

Try leaving a door hanger two days before you go door-knocking. It should briefly describe the project and say that someone will be around in person.

◆ WEAR AN OFFICIAL NAME TAG

Door-knockers should wear name tags with the logo of their organization. The best name tags will also include a color photo and the name of the caller.

◆ HAVE PEOPLE KNOCK THEIR OWN BLOCKS

The easiest way to do door-knocking is to try your local area first. Being a neighbor creates an immediate connection with the person answering the door; after that, everything else is easy.

◆ FIND A GOOD EXCUSE TO DOOR-KNOCK

A short survey about local concerns or a current project is a good excuse. Figure out responses for various situations. What if the person who answers the door cannot speak English？ What if a child answers the door？

WHEN YOU GO OUT

◆ WHEN TO GO AND WHAT TO DO FIRST

The best times to knock are usually Saturdays. On other days, after dinner is ideal. When someone answers the door, smile and introduce yourself; say you are a volunteer and, if it helps, state where you live. Give the name of your organization and, briefly, the reason for the visit.

◆ STATE WHAT ACTION THE OTHER PERSON SHOULD TAKE AND THE BENEFITS

Tell the person what they need to do and how their actions will benefit themselves and others. If a person hesitates, emphasize benefits you've already mentioned and then, if necessary, add further benefits. If a person agrees, follow up immediately. If possible, get a donation, a signature, or a promise.

◆ RECORD CONTACT INFORMATION ON THE SPOT

Record names, addresses, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and responses to questions on the spot. You won't remember them later!

操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。

1. Why does the author say that door-knocking has become a lost art？ {A; B; C}

A. It is not effective, no one will take this method any more.

B. People focus on privacy increasingly, so door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people's lives

C. It is very difficult to do door-knocking，no one knows how to do it now.

2. Which step should be firstly taken when you try door-knocking？ {A; B; C}

A. Find a good excuse to door-knock

B. Wear an official name tag

C. Leave a door hanger

3. What does the underlined phrase “on the spot” mean？ {A; B; C}

A. without delay

B. at some place

C. in a difficult situation

4. Which time is not appropriate for door knocking？ {A; B; C}

A. Saturday afternoon.

B. Monday morning.

C. Thursday evening.

5. Who will receive pleasant reception when they try door-knocking？ {A; B; C}

A. A stranger who is not living in this community and gives no notice for his/her visit.

B. An offensive acquaintance who comes at any time.

C. A neighbor who does good preparation and has significant project to introduce.

te link between smoking andbronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. Justhave a look at those people in hospital with these diseases and count how many of them do notsmoke, and then you may be surprised at the number. Even these few people might be passivesmokers without realizing it. Randy: Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It is almost like a tax on our daily bread. In taxrevenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so carefully that smoking may be harmful, itdoesnt do to shout too loudly about it. Sampson: The advertising of tobacco is one of the problems. We are never shown pictures of real smok-ers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements alwaysdepict handsome, clean shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positivelyhealthy! Smoking is associated with the great open air life, with beautiful girls, true love and to getherness. What utter nonsense! Rowley: Of course tobacco can help government to raise money. However, while money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enor-mous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease.Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be muchbetter off if smoking were banned altogether. Bernice: Smoking can provide constant consolation. When I feel worded or nervous, I just get a ciga-rette and everything seems to get right. After a days hard work, the thing I want to do most issmoking. It can be even better than a cup of coffee. It is so enjoyable and relaxing that it relievesstresses of every day life. So why bother to ban it and take the pleasure from us. Now match each of the persons (61 to 65)to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Hadley

A.Smoking brings many psychological benefits.

B.Tobacco is an important source of income to the government.

C.Smoking is sure to cause diseases.

D.Its a short sighted policy to depend on tobacco for money.

E.The advertisement for it is dishonest and harmful.

F.The tobacco industry makes high quality advertisement for smoking.

G.Its doubtful whether there is link between smoking and cancer.

阅读下面的句子，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”，错误写“F”。

Stop Yelling At Your Kids

Parenting is hard. If you’re a parent, I’m sure that I don’t need to tell you that our job is a tough one. When you're managing children, it can be difficult to remember that they are still learning. If you find yourself yelling at your kids more often than you want to, here are some ways that can help you reduce the yelling. I’ve been working on this for the past few months and I have to say,it’s been amazing for both the kids and me.

If you are having an argument with your child, you need to make sure you both take the time to really listen. It gives both of you time to think and really listen to each other, which is important. Kids are more likely to listen to you if you listen to them!

One of your biggest struggles is to remind yourself of appropriate expectations. You can’t expect that your youngest acts as responsibly as your oldest. You should lower what you expect -taking into consideration things like their age - it can make a big difference. You should do your best to take a moment before yelling and take in a deep breath. It makes a world of difference for you. Instead of yelling, you’d better whisper. It can also help diffuse any situation by making things quieter, not louder. Besides, the more time you spend with your kids, the better you’ll get at communicating with them. You’re both more likely to understand each other.

If your children aren’t listening or it seems they only don’t listen to you, you don’t take it personally. You should remind yourself that your kids are still learning and they’re not going to be perfect.

()21. As a parent, you may know that parenting is an easy job.

()22. Listening to each other is a good way to stop argument between parents and their kids.

()23. Usually younger kids behave less responsibly than elder children.

()24. Parents should lower their expectation for their kids.

()25. Both yelling and whispering can help make things quieter.