Those young men have been running for ten minutes. （)

Passage Four

Women earn less than men do. For example, in 1998 the hourly wages of women in the U. S. were 26% less than those of men.

The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men

varies. It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who are women in ran

industry, the lower the average wages.

Why do women earn less than men do？ Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked

down upon？ If so, the government has to intervene(干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of

the gap. One view argues that women, on the average, have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative

to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.

Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to

increase the wages paid to women？ One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new

workers declines. The result will be a surplus 过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs

might find themselves out of work.

48. Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because______.

A. there are more than enough women in the labor force

B. women have more freedom in selecting jobs

C. women are only provided with low-paid jobs

D. women are less experienced than men

ere 26% less than those of men. The gap between male and female incomes becomes wider with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men varies. It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who are women in an industry, the lower the average wages.

Why do women earn less than men do？ Are the differences explained by the fact that women are looked down upon？ If so, the government has to intervene (干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap. One view argues that women on the average have chosen low-paid jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.

Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women？ One possibility is that in comes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines The result will be a surplus (过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.

The difference in labor incomes is most obvious between ______.

A．young men and young women

B．young women in the same industry

C．middle-aged men and middle-aged women

D．middle-aged women in the same industry

A.knew the effects of war

B.went in for politics

C.liked to save the wounded in wars

D.were willing to be soldiers

A.A. They played all day.

B.B. They believed life was like a play.

C.C. They never strive to achieve a goal.

D.D. They were only interested in amusement.

actually increase your chance of a massive heart attack or stroke，recent studies found.

In the first of two studies（1）in Heart， German researchers spent a decadestudying the（2）and intensity of weekly exercise in 1，000 people in their 60swith coronary artery heart disease （冠心病）， almost half of whom were（3）2-4times a week. Predictably， participants who（4）less than 2 times a week weredetermined to be at greater risk for a heart attack. However， counter-intuitively （直觉地 ） ， participants who exercised more than the average were also twice aslikely to have a heart attack or stroke than the average.

A different study found that young men who engage in endurance exercisemore than five hours a week may（5）their risk of developing an irregular heartrhythm later in life.

Swedish researchers surveyed 44，000 men， ages 45-79， about theirexercise（6）at ages of 15，30，50 and over in 2013. Those who exercised（7）formore than five hours a week were 19% more likely to have developed an irregularheartbeat， which is a（8）factor in stroke risk.

Despite their findings， researchers（9）sounding the alarm full-force onintense exercise， citing the "benefits of exercise" while clarifying that "thestudies reviewed here， and future studies， will serve to maximize benefits obtainedby（10）exercise while preventing undesirable effects of intense exercise."

A．active

B．avoided

C．behavior.

D．consequently

E．Density

F．Energetic

G．Engagement

H．Exercised

I．Frequency

J．Increase

K．Intensely

L．Key

M．Largely

N．Published

O．regular

第（1）题__________

查看材料

A.of, that

B.with, which

C.of, who

D.with, who

as they did in 1914,Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle.And the result has been a general dislike of war,and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the screen.Television has also changed politics.The most distant areas can now follow state affairs,see and hear the politicians before an election.Better informed,people are more likely to vote,and so to make their opinion count.Unfortunately,television’s influence has been extremely harmful to the young.(76)Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless.They believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable.All educators agree that the “television generations” are more violent than their parents and grandparents.Also,the young are less patient.(77)Used to TV shows,where everything is quick and interesting,they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn’t do funny things like the people on children’s programs.And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten,fifteen,or thirty minutes.That’s the time it takes on the screen.

1.In the past,many young people ______.

A.knew the effects of war

B.went in for politics

C.liked to save the wounded in wars

D.were willing to be soldiers

2.Now with TV people can _____.

A.discus politics at an information center

B.show more interest in politics

C.make their own decisions on political affairs

D.express their opinions freely

3.The author thinks that TV advertisements _____.

A.are not reliable on the whole

B.are useless to people

C.are a good guide to adults

D.are very harmful to the young

4.Which is NOT true according to the passage？_____

A.People have become used to crimes now

B.With a TV set some problems can be solved quickly

C.People now like to read books with picture

D.The adults are less violent than the young

5.From the passage,we can conclude that _____.

A.children should keep away from TV

B.TV programs should be improved

C.children’s books should have pictures

D.TV has a deep influence on the young

A.has

B.had

C.have

D.were

ition in the university _______.

A) has been accepted B) have been accepted

C) was accepted D) were accepted

A．As he is young

B．Young as is he

C．As young he is

D．Young as he is