Though Japan is a small country, it provides the world market with （various) products

A.primitive

B.raw

C.crude

D.primary

though you may be familiar with pictures of people in Tokyo crowded into trains during rush hour, be aware that people in Japan value their personal space.（）

uring rush hour, be aware that people in Japan value their personal space.(翻译)

？Read the text below about death by overwork in Japan.

？In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

？If a line is correct, write CORRECT.

？If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS.

34. death in the 1980s in Japan, where long working hours are the norm there.

35. Official figures say it that the Japanese work about 1780 hours a year,

36. slightly less than Americans (1800 hours a year),though more than Germans

37. (1440). But the statistics are misleading because of they do not count 'free overtime'

38. (work that an employee is obliged to perform. but not paid for). It is being estimated

39. that one in three men who aged 30 to 40 works over 60 hours a week. Factory

40. workers arrive early and stay late, without an extra pay. Training at weekends may be

41. uncompensated. During the past 20 years of economic inactivity, many companies

42. have been replaced full-time workers with part-time ones. Regular staff who remain

43. are benefit from lifetime employment but feel obliged to work extra hours lest

44. their positions will be made temporary. Cultural factors reinforce these trends.

45. Hard work is respected as the cornerstone of Japan's post-war economic miracle.

The value of self-sacrifice puts the benefit of the group above that of the individual.

(34)

Part A

Directions :

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on，ANSWER SHEET1.

Text 1

Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year-old journalist, and her friends, professionals in their 30s and early 40s, meet at a London cafe, their favorite topic of conversation is relationships: men's reluctance to commit, women's independence, and when to have children-or, increasing-Iy， whether to have them at all. "With the years passing my chances of having a child go down, but I won't marry anyone just to have a child," says Brown. To people like Brown, babies are great-if the timing is right. But they're certainly not essential.

In much of the world, having kids is no longer a given. "Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies," says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics. Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s and beyond.

A growing share are ending up with no children at all. Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women, and is rapidly rising among lower-classmen. In Britain, the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years.

The latest trend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns. For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless. But in the past，childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster, of missing men in times of war. Today the decision to have-or not have-a child is the result of a complex combination of factors, including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle. and economics.

In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form. of protest. In Japan, support for working mothers hardly exists. Child care is expensive, men don't help out, and some companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work. "In Japan, it's career or child，"says writer Kaori Haishi . It's not just women who are deciding against children; according to a re-cent study, Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child. Their motivations, though, may have more to do with economic factors.

46. Catherine Brown and her friends feel that having children is not _________

[ A] totally wise

[ B] a huge problem

[ C] a rational choice

[ D ] absolutely necessary

Interviewer: Jane, you've recently returned from Japan. How long did you live there？

Jane: For five years.

Interviewer: And why did you go to Japan in the first 21？

Jane:Well, a Japanese exchange student was living with my family, and he got me interested in going to Japan. He encouraged me 一 22一 to get a teaching job there and even offered me a place to stay until I found an apartment—at his mother's house in Tokyo.

Interviewer: So you went？

Jane: I did. When I arrived his mother was very helpful, but she didn't speak much English and I didn't speak any 23 .We managed to communicate, somehow, with gestures and mime, or sometimes we would both use dictionaries.

Interviewer: In what ways is life in Japan —24— from life in the United States？

Jane:In just about every aspect. A big change was using public transportation in Tokyo instead of a car. Trains, subways, and other transportation in Japan are very good, though crowded. You get used 一 25一 more often, because, without a car, you have to carry your groceries home. But I was really glad to be rid of my car. Another thing is the low crime rate in Tokyo and other big cities in Japan. I always felt —26— and never worried about crime. That's pretty unusual in almost any big city in the world today.

Interviewer: Did you have any difficulties adjusting？

Jane: Well, at the beginning it was hard not knowing the language. At first I learned survival Japanese, so I could get by in everyday situations, but anything technical was difficult for me to understand. I took classes, but it was slow going, and I didn’t always express myself because I was afraid of —27— mistakes. I wish I had taken more risks一I would probably have learned the language faster. Another thing I had to get used to was living in a culture where the majority of people looked different from me. I knew I'd always be an —28— in some ways.

Interviewer: What about Japanese food？

Jane: Overall, the diet there is a healthy one-low fat. Oh, there were many Japanese specialties that I liked, and others that I didn't like so much. The food wag very different, but I didn't expect to eat American style. there. I expected to eat Japanese style. and though,—29— Japanese products. I think Japanese food preparation takes a long time and I didn't have a lot of time to prepare food, so much of my experience comes from eating in restaurants.

Interviewer: What advice would you give to someone going to live overseas for the first time？

Jane: Do some of the things I didn't do: Before you go, read as much as you can. Find out about the culture, the customs, the holidays, the traditions. Learn a little bit of the language if you can and the way people express politeness. Be flexible. Living in another culture is like seeing the world through a new pair of glasses—at first everything—30—confusing. But if you keep your eyes open,eventually everything becomes clear. Unfortunately, a lot of people just close their eyes.

21. A. place B. idea C. opinion D. view

22. A. try B. to try C. trying D. to trying

23. A. Chinese B. English C. Japanese D. Spanish

24. A. differ B. different C. the same D.differentiate

25. A. to shopping B. shopping C. go shopping D.to shop

26. A. good B. happy C. easy D.safe

27. A. make B. to make C. making D. doing

28. A. visitor B. passenger C. passers-by D.outsider

29. A. buying B. to buying C. to buy D.bought

30. A. look B. looks C. is looked D. is looking

on June 11,2009．It is the first worldwide epidemic【1】by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert【2】an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising【3】in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is "【4】" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general,【5】the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the【6】of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global【7】in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths【8】healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to【9】in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade【10】warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was【11】flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the【12】tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U. S. , it has【13】more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials【14】Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began【15】orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is【16】ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those【17】dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not【18】for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other【19】. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people【20】infants and healthy young people.

(1)

A．criticized

B．appointed

C．commented

D．designated

阅读理解When the TV viewer turns on his set, what sort of programs does he have to choose from？ You might think there would be more programs devoted to entertainment than to anything else, but that’s not the case.

In most countries, fewer than 20% of broadcasting hours are devoted to entertainment. U.S. figures are high — 34.8%，and the fun-loving Canadians are even higher with 44%. Except Canada and Italy, all countries give more broadcasting time to education than to either information (news, documentaries and so on) or entertainment programs. Of course, few educational broadcasts take place during peak viewing times. In Japan though, more than 60% of broadcasting time is taken up with education of one kind or another -- just another example of the businesslike Japanese philosophy. In the U.K., the figure is 56.4%. The Italians have fewer educational programs than anyone else. They don’t go in for entertainment either. Only about ten percent of viewing time is devoted to dramas and serials, quiz shows, music, sports, etc. You will find more news information programs on Italian TV than anything else. That’s understandable in a country experiencing social and political changes. Italians rely on TV to tell them what’s going on — and events are happening almost too fast to follow. The percentage of time the U.S. devoted to news and documentary programs is much smaller. After education, most TV time is given to entertainment. Many of these programs are shown around the world.

1. Based on this passage, the percentage of TV broadcasting hours devoted to education is greatest in _________.

A. Italy

B. Canada

C. Japan

D. the United Kingdom

2. More news information programs are broadcast on Italian TV than anywhere else because the Italians __________.

A. are interested in what is happening in the world

B. like to undergo social and political changes

C. prefer to learn news information on TV rather than in newspapers

D. expect TV to tell them the latest news about what is going on in their country

3. So far as the broadcasting hours devoted to entertainment are concerned, _________.

A. the Japanese figure is the highest in the world

B. the U. S. figure is smaller than the U.K. figure

C. the U.K. figure is second to the Japanese figure

D. the Canadian figure is higher than that of any other country

4. From this passage, we learn that most TV stations in the world devoted more broadcasting hours to _________.

A. entertainment programs

B. educational programs

C. news information programs

D. dramas, serials, music, sports and so on

5. In the United States, _________.

A. TV programs are shown for world audience to watch

B. most of TV broadcasting hours are given to entertainment

C. educational programs are shown during peak viewing times

D. more TV broadcasting hours are devoted to education than entertainment

trading partners to transparent and non-discriminatory trade rules, which the WTO then enforces even handedly. Since most governments operate on the premise that opening domestic markets is a concession to be traded for access to foreign markets, multilateral liberalization is often the most effective route to free trade.

A successful WTO round requires two big bargains to be struck: a transatlantic deal between America and the EU and a north-south deal between the rich and the poor. Yet at Seattle this year there is a long way to go before such broad bargains can be considered, let alone struck.

America wants a few priority issues to be settled. Its list includes an extension of the duty-free status of e-commerce, a broader IT pact, reform. of the WTO dispute settlements system, increased WTO transparency and the phase out of tariffs in eight sectors including chemicals, energy products and environmental products. The EU on the other hand professes to want a more comprehensive approach that focuses on removing tariff peaks for such imports as textiles, glass and footwear, but would preserve tariff preferences for developing countries.

The biggest obstacle may be the insistence of many developing countries that they will block further liberalization until their gripes over the Uruguay round are addressed They want their obligations in areas such as intellectual property, investor protection, subsidies and anti-dumping to be eased. They argue that the Uruguay round has failed to deliver expected benefits in such areas as agriculture and textiles.

Though by no means a monolithic block, the developing countries share a feeling that whatever the promise of liberalization at the WTO, rich countries will Conspire to keep their markets closed. Indeed, the EU insists that freeing trade should be "controlled, steered and managed according to the concerns of EU citizens". That is in keeping with a view, widespread on the continent, that "a protectionist trade policy is a price readily paid for political objectives".

However great these obstacles are, they could be overcome if America were still leading the drive for freer world trade. With its economy doing well, greater access to foreign markets seems a less pressing priority. The Clinton administration is unwilling to make politically painful concessions required to achieve that aim. So there is a possibility that the Seattle round will turn out to be a fiasco. If that happens, it will encourage the anti-WTO groups to go on the offensive. America, the EU and Japan would increasingly be tempted by managed trade.

The WTO's transparent and non-discriminatory rules require all member countries to ______.

A．exchange domestic markets for foreign markets

B．make concessions in foreign trade

C．adopt the most effective route to free trade

D．enforce trade policies even handedly