The amount of sleep a person needs also increases if he／she has been deprived of sleep in previous days.

"It's 53.____a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54.____. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56.____from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount we need at 75."

The amount of sleep required may ______ .

A．vary greatly from one individual to another

B．depend on an individual's age

C．be related to an individual's occupation

D．all of the above

"The ability to sleep in one chunk overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52.____well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.

of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. "The answer is easy," says Dr. A. Burton. "With the tight amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm tings." If he is right many people must be under sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on Slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.

Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, "Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can't sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.

Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts it may safely be stated also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.

The author seems to indicate that ______.

A．there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep

B．among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial

C．people are now moving towards solving many controversial issues

D．the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors

disappears and recuperation begins. The tired mind gathers new energy, and the memory improves.

Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four hours. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily, the amount gradually diminishing as they grow older. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive working under pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people have little sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.

Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total more than twelve years. By the age you will also have developed a sleep routine: a favorite hour, a favorite position, and a rule you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.

Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours nearly five days. Whatever the limit, it is absolute. Animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.

(1).By writing this passage, the writer intends to tell us that _______.

A、sleep is important for good mental and physical health

B、a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleep

C、memory is improved during sleep

D、sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings

(2).The amount of the sleep required may ___.

A、tire an individual mind

B、help infants grow older

C、apply pressure on an executive

D、that they didn’t sleep long

(3).If a person is not allowed to follow his own sleep routine, he will probably _____.

A、never fall sleep

B、not sleep well

C、lost his memory

D、begin to daydream

(4).The author implies that if human beings are kept awake for more than a week the result _____.

A、is hard to imagine

B、will probably be a mental breakdown

C、is difficult to describe

D、will probably be dead

(5).From the amount of sleep Napoleon, Edison, Darwin required, we can conclude ___.

A、 that they were famous

B、 that they were executives

C、 hat they were intelligent

D、 that they didn’t sleep long

Council. It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has,【C1】______declined over the years. But【C2】______the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected？ We wanted to see what the【C3】______would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who【C4】______sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be【C5】______at the University of Surreys Sleep Research Centre. The volunteers were randomly【C6】______to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep【C7】______. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an【C8】______hour, the other group slept an hour less. Computer tests designed to measure brain wave activity【C9】______that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were【C10】______. Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were【C11】______interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers【C12】______changes in the amount that we had made them sleep. "We found that【C13】______there were around 500 genes that were affected," Archer【C14】______. "Some which were going up, and some which were going down." What they discovered is that when the volunteers【C15】______back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours sleep a night, genes that are【C16】______with processes like immune response and response to stress became more【C17】______The team also saw increase in the activity of genes related to diabetes and risk of cancer. The【C18】______happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep. So the clear【C19】______from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even one hour more, it could make you【C20】______.

【C1】

A．by chance

B．on average

C．at length

D．for good

During sleep, the fatigue (疲劳) of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复) begins. The tired mind gathers new energy. Once awake, the memory improves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better perspective.

Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they grow older, the amount gradually diminishes. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep. Napoleon, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.

Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine: a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably. Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours ？nearly five days, whereas animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.

1、The writer implies that _________

A、sleep is important for good mental and physical health

B、a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleep

C、memory is improved during sleep

D、sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings

2、From the amount of sleep Napoleon, Edison and Darwin required, we can infer that_______.

A、they were famous great men

B、 they were executive workers

C、 they were intelligent people

D、 they were involved in mentally demanding work

3、The amount of sleep required ________.

A、varies greatly from individual to individual

B、 depends on an individual''s age

C、 relates to an individual''s occupation

D、 all of the above.

4、According to the passage, the sleeping routine will be built at the age of _________.

A、10

B、20

C、30

D、40

5、From animal experiments, we can conclude that the final result of the lack of sleep is probably _________

A、mental illness

B、mental breakdown

C、susceptibility to illness

D、death

are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and【C1】______in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually【C2】______asleep. When you wake up, you don't feel【C3】______, but tired and worn out and【C4】______to face a new day.

Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article【C5】______Stress and Sleep,【C6】______that stress and lack of sleep are directly【C7】______Dr. Winkle says, "the more we worry, the【C8】______we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with【C9】______" "If we can find a way to get a good night' s sleep," he【C10】______," we can often find the【C11】______to deal with what' s worrying us. "

So, what is a good night' s sleep？ Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy【C12】______a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount,【C13】______strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache【C14】______of making you feel more refreshed.

Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short【C15】______and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise【C16】______in the day should help you to feel physically as well as【C17】______tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine(咖啡因)and will keep you【C18】______." When you put the light【C19】______," Dr. Winkle says, "concentrate on relaxing your muscles. Working slowly up from your feet, and you'll be asleep【C20】______you know it. "

【C1】

A．turning

B．rolling

C．twisting

D．rotating

conjectural (猜想), rendering conclusive answers to this question impossible, much evidence has been gathered on how much sleep people do in fact obtain. Perhaps the most important conclusion to be【32】from this evidence is【33】there is great variability among individuals in total sleep time. For adults,【34】between six and nine hours of sleep as a nightly average is not unusual, and 7.5 hours probably best expresses the norm. Such norms, of course, forms inevitably vary with the criteria of sleep employed. The most【35】and reliable figures on sleep time, including those cited here, come from studies in sleep laboratories, where EEG criteria are employed.

【36】consistently has been associated with the varying amount, quality, and pattern of electrophysiologically defined sleep. The newborn infant may spend an average of about 16 hours of each 24-hour period in sleep,【37】the sleep time drops sharply; by two years of age, it may【38】from nine to 12 hours. Decreases to approximately six hours have been observed among the elderly.

【39】will be discussed from below, EEG sleep studies have indicated that sleep can be considered to consist of several different stages. Developmental changes in the relative proportion of sleep time【40】in these sleep stages are as striking as age-related changes in total sleep time.

(31)

A．As

B．Despite

C．While

D．Whether