Wood carving refers to the art of creating or decorating objects of wood by carving with a

木雕（)。

A、wood carving

B、bamboo carving

C、wooden carving

D、bambo carving

Woodblock prints are illustrations made from a carved block of wood and printed on paper. They were first used in Japan in 21_________ to illustrate book. When readers became more and more 22_________ in the illustrations for their artistic value, publishers hired skilled artists to create prints which could be sold separately. By the end of the 23_________ century, techniques were developed to produce many copies of a print from the same woodblock, making this fine art available to the general public.

The most famous Japanese woodblock prints were made during the 1700s and 1800s. The styles were unique to Japan. Scenes from everyday life or the theater, beautiful women, and landscapes were often the 24_________ of these prints. The Japanese name ukiyoe ,25_________ "pictures from the floating world," is used to describe the famous woodblock prints from this era: This refers 26_________ images of fleeting moments of pleasure, amusement, andentertainment 27_________ by the artists. Later, European artists, particularly painters of theFrench Impressionist School, admired and were influenced by the bold colors and 28_________ designs of these Japanese woodblock prints.

Making a woodblock print has three 29_________ stages:cutting, inking and printing. First the artist takes a block of soft wood, usually pine, and cuts away parts of the wood with a sharp too1. The design is the part of the wood that is left uncut and upraised. Next the design is coated with 30_________ , and a sheet of paper is placed over it , rubbing the paper then transfers the ink from the woodblock to the surface of the paper. For different colors, different blocks of wood are used, one for each color.

21.A.1960 B.the 1960 C.1960s D.the 1960s

22.A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.interests

23.A.seventeen B.seventeen's C.seventeenth D.seventeenths

24.A.subjects B.names C.pictures D.paper

25.A.mean B.means C.meant D.meaning

26.A.on B. to C. up D. for

27.A.found B.invented C.captured D.created

28.A.unusual B.usual C.ordinary D.common

29.A.big B.small C.minor D.major

30.A.ink B.paper C.plastic D.wood

han in France, the other great powers of the day. In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England's supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing (聚集) wealth through their commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that coufitry were not the aristocratic (贵族的) group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, and if she could find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the third place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns. There they engaged in weaving, making shows, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for running the factories. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.

Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because ______.

A．Britain was much wealthier than France

B．British people were willing to raise money to develop industry

C．the merchants and businessmen were willing to finance the industry

D．the nobility was willing to develop the industry

tor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculptor. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States, while there had been a few talent- ed sculptors in the United States before the 1940s, it was only after 1945--when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world--that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best were the works of women.

By far the most outstanding of these women is Louis Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Krarner, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail."

Her work have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by American sculpture, and by native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere except that it has to pass through a creative mind."

Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggests such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louis Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category. (450)

The passage focuses primarily on ________.

A．a general tendency in twentieth-century art

B．the work of a particular artist

C．the artist influences on women sculptors

D．materials used by twentieth-century sculptors

A．as twice much

B．much as twice

C．as much twice

D．twice as much

A．For many years, all books were written by hanD

B．Because it took so long to write one book, there were only a few of them．

C．Most people could never own a book．

D．Then sometime between 1450 and 1460, Johannes Gutenberg got the idea of carving separate letters and moving them to make new words．

E．Gutenberg died at the age of 68．

F．This was the invention of moveable typ

E．G． From then on, the numbers of books printed grew quickly．

A、Woods

B、Wood

C、The woods

D、The wood

A.susceptible

B.plausible

C.accessible

D.distinguishable

That desk is made of （).

A.wood

B.the wood

C.some woods

D.a wood

Wood is used to ______ (make)paper．