A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and En

A.Study participants will be advised promptly if the researchers find any new information thatmight affect them.

B.Participants are never informed of the new information on study medication.

C.Participants do not have to continue taking part in the study.

D.Participants will not incur penalties or loss of benefits if they withdraw from the study.

A.A. on

B.B. in

C.C. from

D.D. at

The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from ______.

A．the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objects

B．the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs

C．the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child

D．the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain ceils

Formal consent for this new type of treatment was obtained from each patient and the study （) to our institution's guidelines concerning medical ethics （伦理)

uring studys09 participation, site staff should.（）

A、Wait for the participant to move and hope to get the new contact information during a laterstudy visit.

B、Record the new contact information in the participant's file and advise the site's researchteam.

C、Keep sending notifications to the participant's former address after the move date.

D、Do nothing.

Question 40

Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 40 on your answer sheet.

This text is taken from ______.

A．a guide for new managers in a company.

B．a textbook analysis of behaviour in organisations.

C．a critical study of the importance of role signs in modern society.

D．a newspaper article about role changes.

ly the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found ingasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

The study published in the journal Nature indicates that

A．the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.

B．lead deposits in arctic snow on the increase.

C．lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected.

D．the U.S. is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow.

to have such bizarre but vivid storylines.The findings deal a blow to the Freudian interpretation of dreams but leave open the possibility that some useful personal meaning can be extracted from them.The main purpose of dreams,however,the authors of the new study believe,is to test whether the brain has had enough sleep and,if so,to wake it up.The new results show that in sleep,the frontal lobes of the brain are shut down.In the absence of activity in these lobes,which integrate other information and make sense of the outside world,the sleeping brain's images are driven by its emotional centers.The content of these dreams may be vivid and gripping but lacks coherence.The new results are consistent with the theory that memories are consolidated during sleep.From the pattern of activity that was recorded,"it seems that memories already in the system are being read out and filed in terms of their emotional salience,with is an extremely interesting idea,"said Dr.J.Allan Hobson of Harvard Medical School.The new measurements were made by applying the technique known as PET scanning to sleeping subjects.The biologists focused on the two forms of sleep,known as slow-wave sleep and REM sleep.REM sleep,so named because of the rapid eyeball movements that occur then,takes palce about four times during the night and is the phase from which the most vivid dreams are recalled.

问题：Accoding to this study,the purpose of the dreams is to ()

A、test if the brain has had enough sleep

B、show the dreams bizarre but vivid storylines

C、prove the correctness of the Freudian interpretation of dreams

D、extract some useful personal meanings from the dreams

day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found.

The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed -- beer, wine or liqour -- was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination, was protective, researchers reported in today's Journal of the American Medical Association. "No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol consumption to those who do not drink", cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.

The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data has been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, whom past studies suggest may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.

Among groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called "good" cholesterol, the authors said. They speculated alcohol may protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood clots that can cause strikes.

The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1,1993, and June, 1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as nondrinkers. Clot-type strokes account for 80 percent of all strokes, a leading cause of US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.

An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn't be interpreted to mean, "I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol," said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable risk factors for stroke.

The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in that ______.

A．it refutes early studies on the protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attack

B．it confirms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacks

C．it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against stroke

D．it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally well

rmick Elementary School don't know Chinese is supposed to be hard to learn. For most, who speak Spanish at home, it's becoming their third language. They've been heating and using Chinese words since nursery, and it's natural to give a “ni hao”when strangers enter the classroom.“It's really fun!” says Miranda Lucas, taking a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview with Jackie Chan. “I'm teaching my mom to speak Chinese.”

The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials have long wanted more focus on useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them -- as well as from business leaders, politicians, and parents -- has produced a quick growth in the number of programs.

Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public schools. Their program has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list. Programs have also spread to places like Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina. Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantagein a global economy where China is growing in importance. “This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the world's next superpower,” says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese. “Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how children today are going to think about their careers, The question is when, not whether, the schools are going to adjust.”

(80) The number of students leaming Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French. But one report shows that before-college enrollment (报名人数) nearly quadrupled between 1992 and 2002, from 6,000 to 24,000. Despite the demand, though, developing programs isn't easy. And the No. one difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers. Finding teacher “is the challenge,” says Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level. “Materials are easy comparison. Or getting schools funded.”

第11题：The best title for this passage might be_____.

A. Next Hot Language to Study: Chinese

B. Next Hot Language to Study: Spanish

C.Next Hot Language to Study: French

D. Chicago Is the Place to Learn Chinese

to be hard to learn. For most, who speak Spanish at home, it’s becoming their third language. They’ve been hearing and using Chinese words since nursery, and it’s natural to give a “ni hao” when strangers enter the classroom, “it’s really fun!” says Miranda Lucas, taking a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview With Jackie Chan. “I’m teaching my mom to speak Chinese.”

The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American Schools, Where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials have long wanted more focus on useful languages 1ike Chinese, and pressure from them-as well as from business leaders, politicians, and parents-has produced a quick growth in the number of programs.

Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public Schools. Their program has grown to include 3, 000 students in 20 schools, with more Schools on a waiting list. Programs have also spread to places like Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina．Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantage in a global economy where China is growing in importance. “This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the world’s next superpower,” says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started have new public high schools that offer Chinese. “Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how children today are going to think about their careers. The question is when, not whether, the schools are going to adjust.”

(80)The number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared With how many study Spanish or French. But one report shows that before-college enrollment (报名人数) nearly quadrupled between 1992 and 2002, from 6, 000 to 24, 000．Despite the demand, though, developing programs isn’t easy. And the NO.one difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers. Finding teacher “is the challenge,” says Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level “Materials are easy in comparison. Or getting schools funded.”

The best the for this passage might be______.

A．Next Hot Language to Study：Chinese

B．Next Hot Language to Study：Spanish

C．Next Hot Language to Study：French

D．Chicago IS the P1ace to Learn Chinese