Most publishing is now "electronic" in the sense that books, magazines, and newspapers are

A.summarizing

B.selection

C.indexing

D.publishing

A.A.At a news stan

B.B.At a car dealer"s.

C.C.At a publishing hous

D.D.At a newspaper offic

E.E.

prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to give readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as--or even instead of--the printed versions.

Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available, printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search. Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.

Suppose a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internets World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so internet publishing costs very little. Articles don' t have to be cut (though there is of course a limit to the amount people are willing to read on line). Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or next month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: the humblest local paper can be read everywhere form. New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo, Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: readers pick up the bills for their on-line sessions, also, computer-based publications are simple to store (on disc) and every word can be, searched electronically.

At the moment, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the Web because they are competing for "mind share". Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps they are afraid of missing out because "everyone else is doing it." But don' t count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money.

What does the author probably foresee？

A．Readers will have more accesses.

B．Books and newspapers will be kept as computer files.

C．It will not make any sense to keep the printed versions.

D．Electronic publications will replace printed ones.

prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to giving readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as - or even instead of -the printed versions.

Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available, printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search, Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.

Suppose a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internets World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so internet publishing costs very little. Articles don' t have to be cut (though there is of course a limit to the amount people are willing to read on line). Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or nest month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: the humblest local pa- per can be read everywhere form. New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo, Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: readers pick up the bills for their on-line sessions, also, computer- based publications are simple to store (on disc) and every word can be searched electronically.

At the moment, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the Web because they are competing for "mind share". Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps they re afraid of missing out because “everyone else is doing it.” But don't count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money.

What does the author probably foresee？

A．Readers will have more accesses.

B．Books and newspapers will be kept as computer files.

C．It will not make any sense to keep the printed versions.

D．Electronic publications will replace printed ones.

Passage 4

America’s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to set out plans for a paywall around its digital offering, _1_ the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news. Struggling with an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times intends to introduce a “metered” model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have _2_ a set number of its online articles per month. The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper on the charging side of an _3_ wide chasm (鸿沟）in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not _4_ internet readers. The New York Times&39;s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, _5_ that the move is a gamble. Boasting a print _6_ of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, behind the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. While most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can claim _7_ scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and maintains 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world. But like many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a _8_ financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but _9_ a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million _10_ from a Mexican billionaire， Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.

A) national

B) interactively

C) circulation

D) loan

E) crude

F) exceeded

G) charge

H) ascend

I) abandoning

J) suffered

K) serious

L) deducting

M) increasingly

N) evaluation

O) acknowledged

第1空答案是：

n students begin their own projects, they are likely to find that the standards of validity in field work considerably more rigorous than the standards for most library research. When students are faced with the concrete problem of proof by field demonstration, they usually discover that many of the "important relationships" they may have criticized other researchers for failing to demonstrate are very elusive indeed. They will find, if they submit an outline or questionnaire to their classmates for criticism, that other students make comments similar to some they themselves may have made in discussing previously published research. For example, student researchers are likely to begin with a general question but find themselves forced to narrow its focus. They may learn that questions whose meanings seem perfectly obvious to them are not clearly understood by others, or that questions which seemed entirely objective to them appear to be highly biased to someone else. They usually find that those who have not actually attempted it generally believe the formulation of good research questions is a much more subtle and frustrating task.

What does the author think about trying to find weaknesses in other people's research？

A．It should only be attempted by experienced researchers.

B．It may cause researchers to avoid publishing good work.

C．It is currently being done to excess.

D．It can be useful in planning future research.