Self concept is the image that people have of themselves and how they think other peopl

A major sociological(社会学的)theory known as symbolic interactionism(符

号互动论)offers some important clarification of how men and women are taught to fill different roles in society.The key concept in symbolic interactionism is that communication makes a big difference in behavior：people act on the basis of messages they receive from others，and how they understand those messages. This can be seen in a concept developed by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley known as the looking-glass self.

By the looking-glass self，Cooley meant the self-image that each of us develops according to the messages we receive from others;we think and behave according to our understanding of those messages.If, for example，a young girl is repeatedly told that she is pretty, she will come to believe that(1)she is in fact pretty，and(2)being pretty is an important thing in her life.Similarly，if she is told that she is not good(or not expected to be good)at certain things(such as math) she will come to believe that she is not good at such things and would better off working at things she can be successful at.The likely product is a young woman who devotes a great deal of attention to her appearance，regards being pretty as a key to success in life，and who is intimidated by anything involving numbers.

Since we know that young girls are given messages like these，and that young boys are given different messages，we can see a good part of how sex roles are taught.There is little or no evidence of differences in what young girls and young girls and boys can do，but the older children become，the greater the differences in the areas in which boys and girls are likely to stand out.

26.Symbolic interactionism helps to explain______.

A.how to make a difference in people’s social behavior

B.how to make people understand different social roles

C.how men and women learn to communicate in society

D.how men and women learn to take different social roles

27.The "looking-glass self" concept offers a clue as to______.

A.whether one can improve one’s self-image

B.whether one is likely to succeed in an area

C.how one receives different social messages

D.how social messages shape one’s self-image

28.The example of the young girl shows that______.

A.women care more about appearance

B.women are inferior to men in numbers

C.people are liable to social expectations

D.people regard looks as a key to Success

29.The phrase “better off’(para.2)probably means——-

A.more comfortable

B.more dependable

C.more respectable

D.more reasonable

30.Boys and girls are likely to stand out in different areas______.

A.as they advance in age

B.as they grow in wisdom

C.as their interests diversify

D.as their capacities develop

f the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form. of school discipline is "intelligent. " Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.

If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B.D. --Nervous Break Down.

"Intelligent" people do not have N. B. D. 's because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.

You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N, B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.

According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of one's ability to read, write and compute ______.

A．is a widely held but wrong concept

B．will help eliminate intellectual prejudice

C．is the root of all mental distress

D．will contribute to one's self fulfillment

Does self refer to the speaker？()

A.Self Configuration

B.Self Optimization

C.Self Healing

D.Self Organization

A.+(self, Rational r2)：

B.+(self, Rational r2)

C.+(self, Rational r3)

D.-(self, Rational r2)

自我评价(self eva luation)(名词解释)

A.prepend(self,elem)

B.append(self,elem)

C.insert(self,elem)+

D.forall(self,op)

A.prepend(self,elem)

B.append(self,elem)

C.insert(self,elem)+

D.forall(self,op)

A.def name():self

B.class a

C.self=1

D.defname(self)