Millions of workers in some Asian countries have been ___ as a result of IMF terms.A、

lized and the developing nations. The【C1】______World Countries export their mineral【C2】______and some agricultural products, which bring them【C3】______foreign exchange. Tourism has also been greatly responsible【C4】______the rapid development of some【C5】______nations. Many Third World nations with high【C6】______and low wages have seen an emigration of workers【C7】______the developed nations. Western Europe has【C8】______millions of such workers from Mediterranean countries. The developing nations profit【C9】______these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills【C10】______home. Many developing nations benefit when Western nations【C11】______manufacturing factories in their countries to take【C12】______of cheap labor.

【C13】______economies mature, economic growth rates tend to level off. The rate of【C14】______growth is leveling off today in Western nations. This leveling off【C15】______leads to static non-growth markets. A point of saturation (饱和)【C16】______technology and innovation have seemed to achieve the impossible,【C17】______then how much further can it go ？ Herman Kahn,【C18】______his book The Next 200 Years, says that a shift in priorities will have to occur for industrialized nations.【C19】______is the creation of quality and jobs essential;【C20】______is rather the improvement of the quality of life that must be our concern.

【C1】

A．First

B．Second

C．West

D．Third

simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit，researchers reported on Friday.

They said obese(肥胖的)employees had higher health-care costs，but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weight.

Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23，500 workers at General Motors.

They estimated that getting the most sedentary(惯于久坐的)obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790，000 a year，or about 1.5 percent of health—care costs for the whole group.Company—wide.the potential savings could reach$7 1 million per year，they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Of the whole group of workers.about 30 percent were of normal weight，45 percent were overweight(超重的)，and 25 percent were obese.Annual health-care costs averaged$2，200 for normal weight，$2，400 for the overweight，and$2，700 for obese employees.

But among workers who did no exercise，health—care costs went up by at least$100 a year，and were$3.000

But adding two or more days of light exercise——at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing——lowered costs by on average$500 per employee a year，the researchers found.

“This indicates that physical activity behavior. could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of excess body fat，and in consequence，help lower the health-care costs，”Wang and colleagues wrote.

第11题：How can employees help lower the health-care costs？

A．By taking more rest．

B．By eating less．

C．By exercising a little bit．

D．By saving more money．

ho have retired are【C1】______ glad to exchange the routines of work【C2】______ the satisfaction that a more leisured life may bring. Many other workers are 【C3】______ to give up their jobs. The desire to continue working often【C4】______ harsh economic reality, for retirement usually brings a sharp drop in income. Some workers fear the loss of social identity that can result from 【C5】______ a job. They may be left with "nothing to do" ,and may find that they are【C6】______ a life with significant meaning and fulfillment. Those old people who would like to continue working are too often victims of【C7】______ is perhaps the most striking example of age discrimination, the practice of mandatory retirement,【C8】______ people are forced to give up their jobs【C9】______ when they reach a certain age. Until recently the precise age for mandatory retirement【C10】______ from job to job. The usual mandatory retirement age in the U. S. A. , however, was sixty-five.

The objection to mandatory retirement is that it throws people out of their jobs at a【C11】______ arbitrary age, with out any regard to their individual abilities. There is no【C12】______ to suggest that most people over the age of sixty-five or seventy are【C13】______ working; at the turn of the century, in fact,70 percent of men over sixty-five were 【C14】______ in the labour force. Mandatory retirement【C15】______ implies that people are capable of productive labour【C16】______ the day before their seventieth birthday, then【C17】______ become physically or mentally incapable of【C18】______ their jobs. It also implies that we treat all members of the same age group 【C19】______ they had identical competence or incompetence at their jobs when, in fact, the mental and the physical abilities of any group of people【C20】______ at the same time become more dissimilar, not more similar, as they grow older.

【C1】

A．only too

B．too

C．very too

D．not

根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。

Exercise Lowers Employers Health Costs

Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit，researchers reported on Friday．

They said obese(肥胖的)employees had higher health—care costs，but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week—without even losing any weight．

Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23，500 workers al General Motors．

They estimated that getting the most sedentary(惯于久坐的)obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790，000 a year．or about 1.5 percent of health’s—care costs for the whole group．

Company—wide。the potential savings could reach$7.1 million per year，they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine．

Of the whole group of W0水ere。about 30 percent were of normal weight，45 percent were overweight(超重的)。and 25 percent were obese．Annual health cares costs averaged$2，200 for normal weight，$2，400 for the overweight，and$2。700 for obese employees。

But among Workers who did no exercise，health—care costs went up by at least$1 00 a year。and were$3，000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary．

But adding two or more days of light exercise-at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing-lowered costs by on average $500 per employee a year，the researchers found．

第 41 题 How can employees help lower the health-care costs？

A．By taking more rest．

B．By eating less．

C．By exercising a little bit．

D．By saving more money

of high-speed Web. For decades, Americans have anxiously (1)_____ each war through a new communications (2)_____, from the early silent film of World War I to the 24-hour cable news (3)_____ of the first Persian Gulf War.

Now, (4)_____ bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime (5)_____ for online news has become a central test of the (6)_____ of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good (7)_____ both to attract users to online media (8)_____ and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, (9)_____ the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to (10)_____ to cable during the last war in Iraq.

(11)_____ by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet (12)_____, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the Web sites of many of the major news organizations have (13)_____ assembled a novel collage(拼贴) of (14)_____ video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry (15)_____, interactive maps and other new digital reportage.

These Internet services are (16)_____ on the remarkable abundance of sounds and images (17)_____ from video cameras (18)_____ on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a (19)_____ audience of American office workers (20)_____ their computers during the early combat.

A．notified

B．publicized

C．followed

D．pursued

ickly, for millions of low-and middle-income families, and【B2】the urgent housing【B3】brought on by such natural disasters【B4】floods and earthquakes.

A firm in Hatfield, Pennsylvania, the Universal Papertech Corporation, believes it has found one solution【B5】the problem: houses【B6】paper. The ultimate success of the paper houses will【B7】a great deal on breaking【B8】traditional patterns and concepts of home building and restrictive codes. One thing seems certain,【B9】: the shelter revolution is already【B10】.

The concept of paper houses was developed【B11】10 years ago by Universal. Six years ago the company supplied【B12】the then—current models【B13】emergency housing for thousands of migratory farm workers in California.【B14】the houses were new on the market, no one really knew just how long the unusual structures would【B15】. Today, in California【B16】still holding up well under the elements and【B17】are accommodating more people than at first. The manufacture now【B18】that the houses will have a useful life of at least 15 to 20 years.【B19】in the paper houses has spread beyond the U.S.【B20】a number of foreign countries.

【B1】

A．searching

B．searching for

C．searching in

D．searching into

hey can help managers decide on a future course of action, and they can then help with the follow-up checks on performance to see if planned goals are being achieved. By using accurate and timely facts supplied by data base management software, a manager can do a better job of identifying problems and opportunities. And managers may not need to spend as much time in controlling when a computer can respond with a triggered report if actual performance varies from what was planned. The time saved in controlling may allow managers to give more attention to employees' concerns, and this, in turn, may result in improved morale (士气).

But employment benefits certainly aren't restricted to managers. Healthcare researchers and other scientists also use computers to conduct research into complex problem areas that couldn't otherwise be studied. Lawyers use online legal data banks to locate precedent (先前的) cases in order to serve clients better. Salespeople can receive more timely information about products in stock, can promise customers that their sales orders will be handled promptly, and can thus improve their sales performance because of the computer system. And the job duties of some office and factory workers have changed from routine, repetitive operations to more varied and appealing tasks through computer usage. For example, office workers who understand text processing, computing, and data communication usually have vital roles and are given critical office functions to perform.

Which of the following examples shows the controlling function of a computer？

A．Helping managers decide on a future course of action.

B．Helping managers check if planned goals are reached.

C．Helping managers save time in writing a report.

D．Helping managers design a spreadsheet package.

he next few months women will cross the 50% threshold and become the majority of the American workforce. Women already【C1】______the majority of university graduates in the OECD countries and the majority of【C2】______workers in several rich countries, including the United States. Women 【C3】______many of the worlds great companies, from Pepsi Co. in America to Areva in France. Womens【C4】______empowerment is arguably the biggest social change of our times. Just a generation ago, women were【C5】______confined to repetitive, humble jobs. They were routinely 【C6】______to casual sexism and were expected to【C7】______their careers when they married and had children. Today they are running some of the organizations that once treated them 【C8】______ second-class citizens. Millions of women have been given more control over their own lives.【C9】______ millions of brains have been put to more productive use. Societies that try to【C10】______this trend—most notably the Arab countries, but also Japan and some southern European countries—will pay a heavy price in the form. of wasted talent and frustrated citizens. This revolution has been【C11】______with only a modicum of friction. Men have,【C12】______, welcomed womens invasion of the workplace, 【C13】______even the most positive changes can be incomplete or unsatisfactory. This particular advance comes with two stings. The first is that women are still【C14】______at the top of companies. Only 2% of the bosses of Americas largest companies and 5% of their【C15】______ in Britain are women. They are also paid significantly less than men【C16】______ average. The second is that juggling work and child-rearing is difficult. Middle-class couples routinely【C17】______that they have too little time for their children. But the biggest losers are poor children—【C18】______ in places like America and Britain that have 【C19】______high levels of female【C20】______ in the labour force with a reluctance to spend public money on child care.

【C1】

A．make from

B．make of

C．make up

D．make off

Semco

At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father&39;s business in Brazil，Semco，which soldparts for ships．Semler Junior worked likea madman，from 7:30 a.m.，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring afactory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，“There&39;s nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this，you&39;ll find a new home in our hospital．”Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed theway his employees worked too．

He let his workers take moreresponsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．(46)______“Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests inreception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types lettersand dials the phone．”

He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they haveplants at Semeo，so bosses can&39;t shutthemselves away from everyone else．(47)______As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．

Semler says，“We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there readingthe newspaper hour after hour．He doesn&39;t evenpretend to be busy．But when aSemco pump on the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oilare about to spill into the sea，Rubin springsinto action．(48)______That&39;s when heearns his salary．No one cares if he doesn&39;tlook busy the rest of the time．” Semcohas flexible working hours；the employeesdecide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．(49)______

It sounds perfect，but does it work？ The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco&39;srevenues have gone from $35 million to $212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why？

Semler says it&39;s because of“peerpressure”．Peer pressure makeseveryone work hard for everyone else．(50)______In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them toact like adults．And they do．

(46)

A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company&39;s machines for their ownprojects，and makes them takeholidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managersspend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This savedmoney and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workersare free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knowseverything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someoneisn’t doing his job well，the otherworkers will not allow the situation to continue．

(47)

A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company&39;s machines for their ownprojects，and makes them takeholidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managersspend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This savedmoney and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workersare free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knowseverything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someoneisn’t doing his job well，the otherworkers will not allow the situation to continue．

(48)

A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company&39;s machines for their ownprojects，and makes them takeholidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managersspend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This savedmoney and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workersare free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knowseverything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someoneisn’t doing his job well，the otherworkers will not allow the situation to continue．

(49)

A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company&39;s machines for their ownprojects，and makes them takeholidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managersspend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This savedmoney and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workersare free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knowseverything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someoneisn’t doing his job well，the otherworkers will not allow the situation to continue．

(50)

A．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company&39;s machines for their ownprojects，and makes them takeholidays for at least thirty days a year． B．Most managersspend their time making it difficult for workers to work． C．This savedmoney and brought more equality to the company． D．And the workersare free to decorate their workspace as they want． E．He knowseverything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them． F．If someoneisn’t doing his job well，the otherworkers will not allow the situation to continue．

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip， a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation， millions of mothers have gone to work， transforming basic family economics. Scholars， policymakers， and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes， but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback- a back-up earner （usually Mom） who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today， a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period， families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers， airline employees， and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates， stock market fluctuation， and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model， with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families， the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers， with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families‘ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family， as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

From the middle-class family perspective， much of this， understandably， looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility， and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun， and the political fallout may not be far behind.

第31题：Today\\\'s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that

A．the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.

B．their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.

C．they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.

D．they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.