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题目
A.the total purchase of good A gives the same satisfaction as the total purchase of good
B.the last unit of good A purchased gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last unit of good b purchase
C.each penny spent on good A gives the same satisfaction as each penny spent on good
D.the last penny spent on good A gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last penny spent on good
E.the last pennies spent on goods A and B generate no additions to satisfaction.
更多“A consumer is said to be in equilibrium in his or her choice between two goods A and B when:（).”相关的问题
第1题
A."Last time there was this much excitement about a tablet, it had some commandments written on it."
B."We don’t use consumer focus groups."
C."We got a lot of feedback from developers in the industry."
D."No matter how hard you look, one thing you are not gonna find in a MacBook Air is an optical drive."
第2题
A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers(消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or 'decreasing incomes—he would probably answer, those with decreasing incomes. Actually, in the years 1947~1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions(假设) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months", she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things". Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyers' resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment; "I just don't pay these prices; they are too high".
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America; condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology(心理学).
According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way people spend their money, he should______.
A．rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending
B．try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money
C．carry out investigations on consumer behavior. and get data of consumers incomes and money spending motives
D．do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory
第3题
A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers (消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
(3) If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most--people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or decreasing incomes, his probable answer would be those with decreasing incomes. Actually, in the years 1947-1950, the answer was people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions (假设) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things. "Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer's resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment. "I just don't pay these prices; they are too high."
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. The condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology (心理学).
According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way consumers will spend their money, he should______.
A．rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending
B．try to encourage or discourage consumers from spending money
C．carry out investigations on consumer behavior. and get data on consumers' in-comes and money spending motives
D．do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory
第4题
A.the total purchase of good A gives the same satisfaction as the total purchase of good B
B.the last unit of good A purchased gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last unit of good b purchased
C.each penny spent on good A gives the same satisfaction as each penny spent on good B
D.the last penny spent on good A gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last penny spent on good B
第5题
But when he called the billing agency，nobody laughed. Someone，who's also named Joe Ryan，using Ryan's Social Security number，had indeed been admitted for surgery. He figured clearing this up would take a just few phone calls.
Two years later，Ryan continues to suffer from the damage to his credit rating and still doesn't know if his medical record has been cleared of wrong information.
Joe Ryan was the victim of a little-known but frightening type of consumer cheating that is on the rise：medical identity theft，which involves using your name to get drugs，expensive medical treatment and even cheating insurance payments.
As Ryan discovered，money isn't the half of it. When someone steals your name to receive health care，his medical history becomes part of your record-and setting the record straight can be extremely difficult. That's because，in part，the information is handed out among dozens of caregivers，from doctors to medicine stores to insurance companies and labs.
“I wanted to help straighten this out，”says Ryan，“so I went to the hospital，and they had a three-inch-thick record for me，but they wouldn't let me see it. I showed them my ID，and they said that's not Joe Ryan's signature. Well，of course not!They had this other guy's signature. ”
Ryan had fallen into a victim's Catch-22：If your record doesn't appear to be yours，you may not have the right to read it，much less change it.
Ryan's next step was a visit to the police department. But the police said that there was not much they could do，that the local law enforcement has little experience with medical ID theft，and cases like this can end up being considered a civil matter.
The billing agency sent Joe Ryan a notice to______.
A．play a joke on him for medical treatment
B．inform. him of the payment for his surgery
C．clear up the wrong information in his medical record
D．correct the mistakes about payment for his surgery
第6题
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow must people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947 -1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending arc not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer's resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment:" I just don't pay these prices; they are too high."
Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them "right" and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
The best title of the passage is ______.
A．Consumer's Purchasing Power
B．Relationship between Income and Purchasing Power
C．Traditional Assumptions
D．Studies in Consumer Behavior
第7题
Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side ofmarriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While
pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.
The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. ‘I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says.
Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,”thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates,so relationships don’t last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berlinerwith a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, ‘I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.
1.More and more young Europeans remain single because () .
A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
C. they have embraced a business culture of stability
D. they are pessimistic about their economic future
2.What is said about European society in the passage?()
A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.
D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are() .
A. warm and lighthearted B. on either side of marriage
C. negative and gloomy D. healthy and wealthy
4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that() .
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom
B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe
C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely
D. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable
5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?()
A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.
B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.
C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.
D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.
第8题
Although residential real estate activity makes up less than 8% of total U.S. GDP, a housing market like this one can make the difference between positive and negative growth. Most significantly, consumer spending is 66% of GDP, and the purchase of a new home tends to have an "umbrella effect" on the homeowner's spending as he has to stock it with a washer/ dryer, a new big-screen TV, and maybe a swing set for the yard.
The main factor in housing's continued strength is a classic economic example of zero-sum boom: the persistent weakness everywhere else. As the 2003 recovery continues to be more forecast than reality. Falling stock prices raised investor appeal for U.S. Treasury Bonds, which in turn, allowed most interest rates to drift even lower. But there are not many signs that there's a bubble ready to burst.
December's new record in housing starts, for example, was nicely matched by the new record in new home sales. If you build it, they will buy and even if an economic pickup starts to reduce housing's relative attractiveness, there's no reason why modest economic growth and improved consumer mood can't help sustaining housing's strength. "The momentum gained from low mortgage interest rates will carry strong home sales into 2003, with an improving economy offsetting modestly higher mortgage interest rates as the year progresses", said David Lereah, chief economist at the National Association of Realtors.
Just as housing has taken up much of the economic slack for the past two years, both as a comforting investment for fretting consumers and a driver of consumer spending itself, a big bump elsewhere in the economy in 2003 could be housing's downfall. If stocks roar back this spring, capital inflows could steal from the bond market, pushing up long-term interest rates. Or Alan Greenspan and the Fed could do the same to short-term rates, as a way to hit the brakes on a recovery that is heating up too fast. In other words, if everything possible goes wrong for housing, homeowners should have plenty to compensate them in terms of job security and income hikes.
The author draws a sharp contrast between the housing market and the rest of the economy so as to show
A．the boom of real estate activity.
B．the statistics on home prices.
C．the role of housing market.
D．the degree of consumer spirits.
第9题
Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side ofmarriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While
pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.
The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. ‘I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says.
Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,”thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates,so relationships don’t last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berlinerwith a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, ‘I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.
1.More and more young Europeans remain single because () .
A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
C. they have embraced a business culture of stability
D. they are pessimistic about their economic future
2.What is said about European society in the passage?()
A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.
D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are() .
A. warm and lighthearted B. on either side of marriage
C. negative and gloomy D. healthy and wealthy
4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that() .
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom
B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe
C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely
D. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable
5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?()
A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.
B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.
C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.
D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.
第10题
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Doesn't say
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