The patient is still highly _______, so you had better keep away from the ward.

A.He does not want anybody to mess with his things.

B.He is lonely and wants conversation.

C.He wants to keep the doctor and the nurse busy.

D.He is not yet psychologically ready to accept the state of things.

orld is still very new. Several hospitals in the United States are now experimenting with acupuncture as a way of treating pain. An American journalist who stood beside a patient during an operation in Shanghai recently described the process and its effects. To keep the patient from feeling pain during the operation, four needles were used, each about an inch and a half long. Two needles were inserted under the skin on each side of the patients neck. The tops of the needles were attached to wires which led to a small electrical device. Throughout the operation the patient talked calmly to those standing around him, insisting that he felt perfectly normal. How docs acupuncture work？ How is it able to keep a patient from feeling pain？ No very satisfactory answer has been given, hut there are at least three theories. Some doctors believe that acupuncture somehow produces an effect upon the central nervous system. Others believe that acupuncture produces a chemical change in the bodys fluids. Still another theory is that the needles make contact with an unknown system of energy in the body which travels along certain routes under the skin. The true explanation may he one of these or a combination of more than one. Or it may be something entirely different.

How long has acupuncture been practiced in China？

A．For 200 years.

B．For about 200 years.

C．For over 2 000 years.

D．For nearly 2 000 years.

the status of a patient in a hospital. The status involves the sick role; another role as the peer of other patients; still another role as the "appreciative" receiver of the gifts and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines and other small items purchased from a hospital attendant; and a role as acquaintance of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your status as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, for example, parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not exist in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this reason there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without clients.

Roles affect us as sets of norms that define our duties the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our fight the actions we can legitimately insist that others perform. Every role has at least one reciprocal role attached to it; the fights of one role are the duties of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have fights our society says they do not have to function in usual ways until they get well. But sick people also have the duty to get well and "not enjoy themselves too much." The sick role also entails an appeal to another party the physician. The physician must perceive the patient as trying to get well this is the physician’s right and the patient’s duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere the patient’s fight and the physician’s duty. It should come as no surprise that the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.

One way that people are linked in groups is through networks of reciprocal roles. Role relationships tie us to one another because the rights of one end of the relationship are the duties of the other. People experience these stable relationships as social structure a hospital, a college, a family, a gang, an army, and so on.

If your are a patient, you take on all the following roles EXCEPT the role as______.

A．a friend of your fellow patients

B．a staff member of the hospital

C．the receiver of the treatment

D．a buyer of medicines

the chief object of his thoughts; as physically impossible as it is for him to make his dinner the principal object of them. All healthy people like their dinner, but their dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all healthy-minded people like making money--ought to like it and to enjoy the satisfaction of winning it; but the main object of their lives is not money; it is something better than money.

A good soldier, for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting well. He is glad of his pay--very properly so, and just complains when you keep him ten months without it; still, his main opinion of life is to win battles, not to be paid for winning them.

So of doctors. They like fees no doubt--ought to like them; yet if they are brave and well educated, the entire object of their lives is not fees. They would rather cure their patient and lose their fees than kill him and get it. And so with all other brave and rightly trained men; their work is first, their fees second, very important always, but still second.

The main idea of this passage is that ______.

A．money matters more than work

B．money is not necessary at all

C．money is as important as work

D．money comes second to work in importance

ms and 【C2】______ to contemporary conditions. 【C3】______ in the 21st century, people may dismiss their forefather's customs and practices 【C4】______ superstition, many are still current. A Friday which falls on the 13th of a month is widely feared as 【C5】______ , and so are spilling salt and walking 【C6】______ a ladder. Belief 【C7】______ the power of mascots is far from 【C8】______ ；the lucky rabbit's foot, like the horseshoe, is a popular charm. Certain foods, too, 【C9】______ their ancient lore. Many people, for example, accept the old adage "an apple a day keeps the doctor away". One aspect of traditional 【C10】______ which is still very much 【C11】______ today is folk medicine. When the causes of illness were totally 【C12】______ , and disease seemed to 【C13】______ without any reason, it was often 【C14】______ to evil spirits taking over the body. To 【C15】______ the patient, the demons of disease must be driven put, and many "cures" were spells and charms intended to exorcise these. Until 【C16】______ modem limes, even "official" medicine was very unpleasant, with no anaesthetics or pain-killers, and a 【C17】______ success rate. Few people, in any case, could afford it, and most relied on folk healers and magic. There was an enormous range of herbal 【C18】______ , some of which have since been found to have actual healing properties. 【C19】______ were worn to ward off disease, and a wide variety of seemingly strange objects, such as church furnishings, were 【C20】______ with powers of healing.

【C1】

A．often

B．already

C．seldom

D．always

d face the harsh realities of life outside hospital. Most of them not only suffered from some form. of nervous disease but had other handicaps as well. For most of them, the hospital had been their refuge for some time and the idea of being rehabilitated was somewhat frightening. They doubted their own capabilities, and were nervous of the effort which would be required from them.

The home contains within a research unit which is mainly concerned with overcoming the technical problems which arise from the patient's physical disabilities. Full rehabilitation involves a need for a patient to be as independent as possible physically. It is in the research centre that all types of electronic equipment are pioneered, much of it exceedingly delicate and complex. One of the things I found astonishing as I watched what was going on in the workshop was the ease with which the patients became accustomed to the equipment. This of course has the dual effect of making them physically independent and giving them the psychological satisfaction of having mastered a difficult problem. And this extra confidence is, of course, a further step towards rehabilitation.

While I was there, I was fortunate enough to be able to talk to a couple of patients who had been fully rehabilitated and who had come back for the weekend to visit their friends. One, a former physical education teacher who suffered from paralysis from the waist down, was now teaching general studies in a primary school. After his accident, he told me, he had had a complete nervous breakdown and had indeed tried to commit suicide several times. "But when I got here, I realized that there were still some things I could do, and that there were people worse off than me who were out in the world doing them," he said," Yes, I expect I shall get depressions again. You can't completely cure that kind of thing. But they'll pull me out of it, at least I know that now."

The "home" in this text refers to ______.

A．the hospital

B．the refuge camp

C．the research centre

D．the place away from reality

With the large number of dogs roaring through our communities， people need to know the facts about rabies (狂犬病)， a fatal disease caused by animal bites. Despite vaccination (接種疫苗) programs， rabies is still very prevalent， and will continue to be a serious public health problem for many years to come. Rabies strikes the central nervous system and brings on choking， convulsions (抽搐) and inability to swallow liquids. It can even cause death.

If you or anyone in your family is bitten by dog， cat or other animal， you should not panic， but thoroughly wash the wound with plenty of soap and water and rush to nearby hospital for immediate treatment. If you own the animal which did the biting， you should immediately call a veterinarian for advice and make sure the public health authorities know when and where the biting took place and who was bitten.

Rabies is a kind of disease which ________.

A.causes heart attack

B.hurt one‘s legs

C.causes nerve-centre problem and breathing problem

D.strikes one‘s brain

If a person is bitten by some kind of animal， you ________.A.should be panic

B.should take him (her) to a big hospital right away

C.should help to clean the wound and ask the patient to have a good rest at home

D.should help to clean the wound and then take him (her) to a nearby hospital quickly as possible

Which is the best title of the passage？A.What a Rabies？

B.The Horrible Rabies

C.What Are Animal Bites？

D.How to Control Rabies

ations for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, " to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

第56题：From the first three paragraphs, we learn that

A doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'pain.

B it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

C the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.

D patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.

ing to kill us. Twenty-five years ago, tiffs was the only question about AIDS we couJd anwer with any certainty; now, it is the only question we really camaot answer well at all. By now, those of us in the AIDS business long term have cared for thousands of patients. No one with that kind of personal experience can doubt for a moment the deadly potential of H. I. V. or the life-saving capabilities of the drugs developed against it. But there are also now htmdreds of footnotes and exceptions and modifications to those two facts that make the big picture ever murkier (扑朔迷离). We have patients scattered at every possible point: men and women who cruise on their medications with no problems at all, and those who never become stable on them and die of AIDS; those who refuse them until it is too late, and those who never need them at all; those who leave AIDS far behind only to die from lung cancer or breast cancer or liver failure, and those few who are killed by the medications themelves. So, when we welcome a new patient into our world, one whose fated place in this world is still unclear, and that patient asks us, as most do, whether this illness is going to kill him or not, it often takes a bit of mental stammering (口吃 ) before we hazard an answer,Now, a complete rundown of all the news from the front would take hours. The statistics change almost; hourly as new treatments appear. It is all too cold, too mathematical, too scary to dump on the head of a sick, frightened person. So we simplify. "We have good treatments now, we say. "You should do fine. " Once, not so long ago, we were working in another universe.Now we have simply rejoined the carnival (嘉年华) of modern medicine, noisy and encouraging, confusing and contradictory, fueled by the eternal balancing of benefits and risks. You can.win big, and why shouldnt you, with the usual fall-safe combination of luck and money. You have our very best hopes, so step right up: we sell big miracles but, offer no guarantees. What does the author say about AIDS？

A.It is definitely deadly twenty-five years ago.

B.The patients want to know everything about it.

C.We can answer anything about it with certainty now.

D.We could not answer questions about it well before.

there. In Fleet Street, home of some of London’s biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 percent over-manning, 33 percent less productivity than could be obtained.

A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries too hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way.

But is all this so terrible？ It certainly does not improve the gross national product or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed something about Britain. It is a pleasant place.

Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace (except in the profitable, efficient city, the financial district).

Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus. If the saleswoman is slow and out of stock, she will likely say, "Oh dear, what a pity The rubbish collectors stop to chat and call the housewives "Luv". Crime rises here as in every city but there still remains a gentle tone and temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit.

In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.

What happens when quarrels over job opportunities arise among British unions？

A．More jobs will be provided by the union.

B．Thirty three percent of the workers can’t be employed.

C．More people will be employed than necessary.

D．The unions will try to increase productivity.