When a manufacturing company purchases raw materials or component parts to be used in

has been a center for hat manufacturing in the United States.

A、were established

B、was establishing

C、had been established

D、was established

Which of the following statements about the cost of quality are true？

A . the cost of quality is the expense of nonconformance to requirements and specifications.

B . the cost of quality are mostly the direct responsibility of workers who are manufacturing the product.

C . quality control programs should be implemented when the cost of quality are deemed affordable by management.

D . A and B.

E . A and C

rather than limits which differentiate between random and assignable causes. Under which of the following circumstances should a QC manager consider this type chart

A . When the engineering tolerance on a dimension greatly exceeds the natural dispersion of the manufacturing process

B . When the number of samples outside the current control chart limits become too costly and cumbersome to investigate.

C . When a process is subject to constant but stable tool wear.

D . A and B.

E . A and C

186 An acceptance control chart has limits that are based on the spec. limits for the product rather than limits which differentiate between random and assignable causes. Under which of the following circumstances should a QC manager consider this type chart

A. When the engineering tolerance on a dimension greatly exceeds the natural dispersion of the manufacturing process

B. When the number of samples outside the current control chart limits become too costly and cumbersome to investigate.

C. When a process is subject to constant but stable tool wear.

D. A and B. E

. A and C

16 Which of the following statements about the cost of quality are true？

A. the cost of quality is the expense of nonconformance to requirements and specifications.

B. the cost of quality are mostly the direct responsibility of workers who are manufacturing the product. C. quality control programs should be implemented when the cost of quality are deemed affordable by management.

D. A and B.

E. A and C

68 An acceptance control chart has limits that are based on the spec. limits for the product rather than limits which differentiate between random and assignable causes. Under which of the following circumstances should a QC manager consider this type chart

A. When the engineering tolerance on a dimension greatly exceeds the natural dispersion of the manufacturing process

B. When the number of samples outside the current control chart limits become too costly and cumbersome to investigate.

C. When a process is subject to constant but stable tool wear.

D. A and B.

E. A and C

须进口石油。那么当日元兑美元贬值时，集团的利润将受到怎样的影响呢？

Petroleum is sold in a world market and tends to be priced in U.S. dollars. The Nippon Steel Chemical Group of Japan must import petroleum to use in manufacturing plastics and other products. How are its profits affected when the yen depreciates against the dollar？

The management of logistical (物流的) operation is about movement and storage of materials and finished products. Logistical operations start with the initial shipment of a material or component part from a supplier and are finished when a manufactured or processed product is delivered to a customer.

From the initial purchase of a material or component, the logistical process adds value by moving inventory (移动库存) when and where needed. If all goes well, a material gains value at each step of its transformation into finished inventory. In other words, an individual part has greater value after it is put into a machine. Likewise, the machine has greater value once it is delivered to a buyer.

To support manufacturing, work-in-process inventory must be moved to support final assembly. The cost of each component and its movement becomes part of the value-added process. The final or meaningful value that is added occurs only with final ownership transfer of products to customers when and where specified.

For a large manufacturer, logistical operations may consist of thousands of movements, which finally develop into the delivery of products to an industrial user, retailer, wholesaler, dealer, or other customer. For a large retailer, logistical operations may start with gaining products for resale and may finish with consumer pickup or delivery. For a hospital, logistics starts with purchasing and ends with full support of patient surgery and recovery. The significant point is that regardless of the size and type of enterprise, logistics is essential and requires continuous management attention. For better understanding it is useful to divide logistical operations into three areas: physical distribution, manufacturing support, and procurement(筹措、采购) .

Logistical operations are concerned with______.

A．transfer of materials and finished products

B．manufacturing of materials and finished products

C．inventory of materials and finished products

D．both A and C

Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intensive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless cheap variation, even customization. The revolutionary result is, in effect, the demassification of mass production.

The shift toward smart flex techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among. But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro markets.

Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly demassified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late 1960s, visionary marketers began talking about "market segmentation". Today they no longer focus on " segments" but on " particles "—family units and even single individuals. Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly demassified media.

The dramatic breakup of mass audiences is underscored by the crisis of the once great TV networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC, at a time when Tele-Communications, Inc. of Denver, announces a fiber optic network capable of providing viewers with five hundred interactive channels of television. Such systems mean that sellers will be able to target buyers with even greater precision. The simultaneous demassification of production, distribution and communication revolutionizes the economy and shifts it from homogeneity toward extreme heterogeneity.

Which is true about "mass production" according to the author？

A．It promotes further development in manufacturing systems.

B．It defines the Second Wave economy and will last.

C．It involves intensive information, automation, and customization.

D．It is becoming dated for the present economy.