Idioms are phrases and short sentences the meanings of which are not easy to infer fro

A. Proverbs

B. Colloquialisms

C. Slang words

D. Idioms

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

A.idioms

B.collocations

C.relatively fixed patterns

D.verbal phrase

E.adjective phrase

jority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both Colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard," "colloquial," and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.

Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？

A．Standard speech.

B．Idiomatic speech.

C．Different types of speech.

D．Dictionary. usage.

f the audience.【67】the writer often does not know who will read what he writes, he must【68】to be as clear as possible. Time can be taken to plan the piece of writing so that it is eventually organized into some sort of【69】sequence of events or ideas. When we speak, however, we normally have very little time to plan what we【70】to say. Since we are actually【71】our audience face to face we may【72】some of the information we believe our audience shares. And the more【73】we are with our audience, the more information we are likely to leave out. In any【74】they can always stop and ask a question or ask for【75】if we have left out too much. A reader, however, cannot do this but can at least attempt comprehension at his own speed;【76】, he can stop and go backwards or forwards,【77】to a dictionary or just stop and rest. When we listen we may have to work hard to【78】out the speaker's thoughts by referring backwards and forwards while the speaker continues. As the speaker【79】to organize his thoughts, he will use Filler phrases to give him time to plan. In spite of these fillers, he will【80】make mistakes and repeat what he has already said. His speech will be characterized【81】a limited range of grammatical patterns and vocabulary and the use of idioms to【82】some general meaning quickly. It should be clear, then, that the listener has to take an active【83】in the process by ignoring the speaker's【84】and mistakes, and by seeking out the main idea information through recall and prediction. To keep the process going【85】he also has to inform. the speaker that he has understood【86】actually interrupting.

(68)

A．However

B．Since

C．Although

D．Unless

of the audience. 【C1】______ the writer often does not know who will read what he writes, he must 【C2】______ to be as clear as possible. Time can be taken to plan the piece of writing so that it is eventually organized into some sort of 【C3】______ sequence of events or ideas. When we speak, however, we 【C4】______ have very little time to plan what we intend to say. 【C5】______ , we may begin speaking before we have 【C6】______ what to say. Our thoughts then tumble out (不由自主的进入) in anything 【C7】______ a logical sequence.

Since we are actually 【C8】______ our audience face to face we may omit some of the information we believe our audience shares. 【C9】______ the more familiar we are with our audience, the more information we are likely to leave out. In any 【C10】______ they can always stop and ask a question or ask for clarification if we have left out too much. A reader, however, cannot do this, but can at least attempt comprehension 【C11】______ his own speed; 【C12】______ is to say, he can stop and go backwards or forwards, 【C13】______ to a dictionary or just stop and rest. When we listen we may have to work hard to sort out the speaker's 【C14】______ by referring backwards and forwards while the speaker continues. As the speaker struggles to organize his thoughts, he will use filler phrases to give him time to plan. 【C15】______ these fillers, he will still make mistakes and repeat what he has already said. His speech will be characterized 【C16】______ a limited range of grammatical patterns and vocabulary and the use of idioms to 【C17】______ some general meaning quickly. It should be clear, then, that the listener has to take an active 【C18】______ in the process by ignoring the speaker's repetitions and mistakes, and by seeking out the main idea information through recall and prediction. To keep the process going smoothly he also has to 【C19】______ the speaker that he has understood 【C20】______ actually interrupting.

【C1】

A．However

B．Although

C．Since

D．Unless

#39;s awareness of correct use. By this criterion, idioms may be grouped as ().

A.idioms nominal in nature

B.idioms adjectival in nature

C.idioms verbal in nature

D.idioms adverbial in nature

E.sentence idioms

A. idioms nominal in nature

B. idioms adjectival in nature

C. idioms verbal in nature

D. idioms adverbial in nature