As one of America's first and foremost realists and humorists,________, the pen na

400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.

［B］ By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.

［C］ Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.

［D］ The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.

［E］ Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.

［F］ One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.

［G］ Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.

00 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.

［B］ By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.

［C］ Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.

［D］ The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.

［E］ Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.

［F］ One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.

［G］ Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.

400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.

［B］ By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.

［C］ Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.

［D］ The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.

［E］ Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.

［F］ One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.

［G］ Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.

Many Native Americans closely resemble Asians. This has led most scientists to(1)believe something about Native Americans. They think that most Native Americans(2)from a distant group of people. These people(3)from Siberia across the Bering Strait, between 17,000-11,000 years ago. The exact time and 4 is still under question. That is, it is still a(n)(5)of debate. The time they traveled and the route they took is still being argued, as is whether it happened(6).

(7)recently, some anthropologists (人类学家) argued that the migration occurred 12,000 years ago. However, there are a number of difficulties with this theory —(8)particular, the presence of people in the Americas earlier than one might think. There is growing evidence of human(9)in Brazil and Chile 11,500 years ago or earlier. There is also(10)of humans living in the Americas some 50,000 years ago.(11), other possibilities have been suggested.

They may have(12)the land bridge several thousand years earlier or they may have sailed along the western coast. However, some(13)this theory. They think that humans(14)skills for sailing during that era.

Some consider the genetic and cultural evidence for an Asian origin overwhelming. It should be noted,(15), that some other people are very upset at this idea. Many present-day Native Americans(16)the above theories. They say those who put forward such theories have political(17)They have their own traditional stories that offer(18)of where they came from. Their own stories claim that their(19)are different from what scientists say. Those accounts, though, have mostly been(20)by scholars. Therefore, the origin of Americans still remains a mystery to be explored.

Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. But a special kind of “private eye” can trace the missing ancestors of whole peoples by studying the clues buried by words. __1__These philologists, such as the language detectives are called, have traced __2__the word trail back from peoples in Europe, India, South Africa, the Americas,and the Pacific islands in a tiny nameless, and forgotten tribe that roamed central __3__Eurasia 5000 to 6000 years ago, before the dawn of writing history. __4__Since a long time scholars have been puzzled over the striking __5__difference of words in different languages. In Dutch, vader; in Latin, pater;in __6__old Irish, athir; in Persian, pidar;in the Sanskrit of distant India, pitr.

These words all sounded likely and meant the same thing—“father” __7__Where did it happen that widely separated peoples used such __8__close related sound symbols？ The problem baffled linguists for years. The more so __9__because “father” was but one of a host of such coincidences. Towards the end of the 18 century it dawned on scholars that perhaps all these words stemmed __10__from some common language.

Archaeological.

Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeolgical study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenye; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal(upright-walking), apelike early humans.(46). Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.

The first physically modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000and 150,000 years ago-dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites through tout Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago).(47).

Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domesticationis evident in such places as the ancient settlement in Jordan and in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Gina and the royal sepulchers(tombs)of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes.(48).

Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are nuique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containig signs of the first simple but purposeful hurials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals.(49). Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.

Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed.(50). This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.

[A] For example, the Mocha lords of Sip an in coastal Peru were buried in about ad 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver.

[B] By 40,000 yeas ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa.

[C] Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.

[D] They were simple plants that had not devloped sepa-appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.

[E] One site in Tanzania even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago.

[F] One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States.

[G] Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi(a group of early Native Americans of North America)at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious

mber of billionaires are choosing not to. The reason？ They want their children to live on themselves — and not to turn into spoiled successors. Nicola Horlick or " supermom" , a famous British billionaire, owing to the fact that she has high-flying jobs and five kids — has spent her career making a report ￡ 250m. She now seems determined to throw off large parts of it. She already gives away about 25% of her income each year; she has just revealed, in a report on the state of charity in the city, that she will not be leaving most of the remainder to her children. " I think it is wrong to give too much inherited wealth to children," Horlick told the reports authors. "I will not be leaving all my wealth to my children because that would just ruin their lives. " She is by no means the first to go public with this convition. Bill Gates has put an estimated $ 30bn into the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This was supplemented, in 2009, by another $ 24bn or so from his friend Warren Buffett. Buffett has always been colorful, quotably clear on where he stands. His daughter often tells a story of finding herself without change for a car parking ticket — her father lent her $ 20, then promptly made her write him a check. "To suggest that the children of the wealthy should be just as wealthy," he has said, " is like saying the members of Americas 2004 Olympic team should be made up only of the children of the 1980 Olympic team. " Antia Roddick, the late founder of the Body Shop, told her kids that they would not inherit one penny. The money that she made from the company would go into the Body Shop Foundation, which isnt one of those awful tax shelters, like some in America. It just functions to take the money and give it away.

The billionaires mentioned in the passage dont want to leave much of their wealth to their children because______.

A．they prefer to give their wealth to charity

B．they want their business to go on healthily

C．they believe too much wealth will harm their children

D．they hope their children can make more money themselves

A、Africa

B、Eastern Europe

C、Asia

D、the Americas