Up went the prices , ______.

"Homemakers go out of their way to save pennies at the store and then don't realize that waste of edible (可食用的) foods adds up much more at home," said Dr. Rathji. He was one of about 100 food experts who met in Boise for a conference on food waste and ways to prevent it.

American families throw out between 8% and 20% of edible food at a cost of $4.5 billion per year. That's almost as much as the federal government spends every year for food stamps and child nutrition programs.

He found that food items which are costly and in short supply tend to be wasted more. During the 1973 meat shortage, meat waste increased to 9%, compared with 3% in 1974 and 1975. Sugar and sugar products waste jumped to 19% in 1975, when sugar prices doubled from the previous year.

Dr. Rathji theorizes that high prices force consumers to experiment, sometimes buy in large quantities. In the case of meat, sometimes low-priced cuts for unappetizing varieties are purchased, consumers then tend to waste more.

His theory is that the more variety in food bought, the more wasted. Regular bread is wasted at about a 10% rate, but specialty breads and rolls are wasted at a 20% rate.

If people are eating the same thing every day, they learn how to manage it. But if you're trying to pull something out of the cookbook every night, that's bound to be some waste.

Another finding is that lower income families waste less food than middle and upper income families. And the study found that dog food, which accounts for 8% of a shopping cart, is rarely wasted. Fresh produce and frozen items are more likely to be wasted.

The study also showed people with the most knowledge of safe, edible food waste the least. Much food is tossed out because a homemaker suspects it is spoiled when it is not.

1、Large quantities of food are thrown out because a homemaker____.

A、thinks they are not delicious

B、 says they taste bitter and hot

C、thinks they smell bad

D、 suspects they are spoiled when they are not

2、American families throw out between____of edible food every year.

A、5%～8%

B、 8%～10%

C、 20%～28%

D、8%～20%

3、When sugar prices doubled, waste of sugar____.

A、went down

B、went up

C、stayed the same

D、was cut in half

4、Which of the following statements is true？____

A、American housewives are not good homemakers.

B、Upper-income families are more wasteful than lower-income ones.

C、American families throw away almost as much food as they consume.

D、Americans waste a great deal of dog food.

5、When do American families waste more food？____

A、When prices are high.

B、When food is scarce.

C、When they think it is spoiled.

D、All of the above.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

①Many of today’s most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto.21 When he was young, Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores. In 1869, he set up his own shop in downtown Toronto. He had many competitors, but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success. He offered a unique style. of trade, but as was expected, all the other shopkeepers laughed at him, believing he would eventually fail. However, Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated; he came up with（To bring forth or discover ） a brand new notion of business – “Goods satisfactory, or money refunded.(to give back)” He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash.23

②With a sharp sense of what the public wanted, he went out of the way(To inconvenience oneself in doing something beyond what is required.不怕麻烦地：超出要求之外做某事而使自己麻烦) to meet their needs. His business grew rapidly. He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods.

③Eaton’s list—advertisements of his day—was the first of its kind. It was distributed and read all over the country. It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites.25 It became part of their life. They even called it The Wishing Book. The secret of the list’s success was that Eaton gained the respect of these customers22; they trusted him for good prices and quality goods. Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland, Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees: better working conditions, shorter weekday（除了周日或者除了周六周日）hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer. In all this, he was a leader.

21. The best description of Eaton is that ______.

A. he was the richest merchant in Toronto

B. he was a successful technical inventor

C. he introduced new sales practices

D. he changed people’s ideas about businessmen

A.breaks off

B.breaks down

C.breaks out

D.breaks up

I believe that you will find our prices competitive and ()industry trends.

A、in keeping with

B、keep up

C、keep with

D、on keep with

A.the law of elastic supply

B.the law of elastic demand

C.consumers will bid up the price of oil

D.all of the above

E.none of the above

A.brought back

B.brought down

C.brought on

D.brought up