题目
Paper making in China __________ from there to North Africa and Europe.
A.sprang
B.spilled
C.carded
D.spread
第1题
A.trigger
B.tiger
C.triggering
D.trip
第2题
A.fireworks
B.gunpowder
C.ink-stick
D.ink-slab
第3题
第4题
第5题
第6题
B. In southern Europe
C. In Scandinavia
D. In Britain
Scandinavia began to make paper__________.A.in 1100
B.in 1400
C.in 1500
D.in the first century
Every four hundred copies of a forty-paper newspaper will need _____________.A.half a tree
B.one tree
C.two trees
D.more than one tree
All over the world, trees are being cut down___________than they are being plantedA.more slowly
B.much faster
C.much more slowly
D.faster
The latest things made of paper are___________.A.chairs
B.tables
C.clothes
D.houses
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
第7题
It is wise to write them down on paper because it is less easy to dismiss them that way.
For example, can you cut down on the amount of gas you use by taking public transportation?
If you eat out often, consider making more meals at home.
Examine your buying habits.
第8题
Text 2
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form. of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
26.In the first paragraph, the author discusses
[A] the background information of journal editing.
[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.
[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.
[D] the traditional process of journal publication.
第9题
No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form. of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
第26题:In the first paragraph, the author discusses
A.the background information of journal editing.
B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.
C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.
D.the traditional process of journal publication
第10题
(英译汉)Sometimes books were illustrated with woodcuts. Blocks of wood were carved so that the white parts of the picture were below the surface of the wood. When the surface was inked and stamped onto paper, the dark part of the picture was reproduced. The first attempts, of course, were rather crude, but eventually the block printers were making meticulous and artistic illustrations. Florence, in Italy and Lyons, in France, became famous for their illustrated books.
In the seventeenth century, great numbers of religious pamphlets were printed. These pamphlets were not always neat or artistic because the writers were only interested in spreading their ideas quickly, and the readers did not consider the appearance of the book important.
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