The basic problem is that colleges receive government money based largely on how many students they（）.

.

A working attitude

B conventional lifestyle.

C world outlook

D educational background

What will a bottom-up thinker probably do when he/she try to solve a problem？

A.He/She will see the whole picture of a situation or problem instead of the concrete details.

B.He/She will ask a lot of people for help and collect their opinions.

C.He/She will always focus on their most basic components and how they interact, rather than first focusing on the complete system.

D.He/She will initially focus on their most basic components and how they interact, rather than first focusing on the complete system.

将下面的短语与释义匹配

1.Sometimes it takes up over half the total time spent on a research problem to define the objectives of the research.

2.It can help define the problem and make dlear what additional information is needed.

3.Questioning and observing are two basic methods for this step.

4.The data has to be analyzed at this step to decide what it all means.

5.Managers use the research results to make marketing decisions in this step.

Defining the problem

Analyzing the situation

Collecting data

Analyzing the data

Solving the problem

Why is it useful to carry enough 25-cent coins with you？ ______

A．They can act as small change for the exact bus fares.

B．There is generally no problem in using them in Canada.

C．As a basic unit of money, they are gradually gaining in usage.

D．They may come in handy for pay phones or laundry machines.

Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.

Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.

For each question 19—33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

There is an example at the beginning.

The Central Problem of Economics

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are limited. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of(19)…and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and(20)…we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics—deciding just how to allocate (分配)our limited resources to provide(21)…with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.

Nations face the same problem. As a country's population grows the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there(22)…are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family(23) …room, in the conference room of the corporation (24)…of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find methods of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.

A short time ago economists(25)…goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in(26)…abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the(27)…of scarcity(匮乏)and what to do about it. Today many of these " free goods" are(28)…very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately(最终)(29)…the producers' extra costs, and(30)…taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.

In the 1990s, almost all goods are (31)…Only by effort and money can they be obtained in the form. people wish.

Meeting the needs of people and froming resources available (32)… the basic activity of production. In trying to meet(33)…wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.

(19)

A．want

B．problems

C．wants

D．resources

ce. There is an urgent need for a new generation of computational theories and tools to assist humans in(96)useful information(knowledge) from the rapidly growing(97)of digital data. These theories and tools are the subject of the emerging field of knowledge discovery in database(KDD). At an abstract level, the KDD field is concerned with the development of methods and techniques for making(98)of data. The basic problem addressed by the KDD process is one of mapping low-level data(which are typically too voluminous to understand and digest easily) into other forms that might be more(99)(for example, a short report), more(100)(for example, a descriptive approximation or model of the process that generated the data), or more useful(for example, a predictive model for estimating the value of future cases). At the core of the process is the application of specific data-mining methods for pattern discovery and extraction.

A．expiring

B．examining

C．extracting

D．extricating

he welfare, or the well-being, of its citizens. Such a government provides for its citizens’ physical, material and social needs rather than the people providing for their own needs. The purpose of the welfare state is to create greater economic equality or to ensure at least a certain minimum standard of living for all citizens. Types of Benefits Provided A welfare state provides education, housing, sustenance and healthcare for its citizens. It also provides benefits such as pensions and unemployment insurance, and it provides equal wages through price and wage controls. This type of government provides public transportation, childcare, social amenities such as public parks and libraries and so on. Some of these things are paid for through government insurance programs, and others are paid for by taxes. Systems Used Most advanced nations are not true welfare states, although many provide at least some social services or programs. In some countries, these goods and services generally are available only to people who meet certain eligibility requirements. This type of system is frequently referred to as a "safety net" that is designed to help people who are in need. Most often, these systems will provide basic needs such as food and housing. A welfare state is socialist in nature. It redistributes wealth by more heavily taxing the middle and upper classes to provide goods and services for the needy. Even countries that don’t practice socialism, however, typically will offer at least some form. of safety net. Difficulties Experienced One problem associated with welfare states is the difficulty in creating an efficient system. Some countries are unable to provide equitably for all of their citizens. The rationing of goods and services also becomes a problem when too many people depend on the welfare state to provide for their basic needs. Another problem is that many people who are capable of providing for themselves have no motivation to improve their lives because they can rely on the government to provide for them. This often breeds resentment by people who do work and are taxed more heavily to pay for the support of people who do not work.

(1)Which of the following is not provided by a welfare state？

A. Housing.

B. Public transportation.

C. Full health insurance.

D. Unemployment insurance.

(2)Which of the following is not true about the purpose of the welfare state？

A. To help people who are in need.

B. To motivate people to improve their lives.

C. To create greater economic equality.

D. To ensure a certain minimum standard of living for all citizens.

(3)In a welfare state people are usually able to _______.

A. go to college without worrying about their tuition

B. live well without having to work

C. avoid paying taxes

D. get help with their basic needs

(4)One of the problems associated with welfare states is _______.

A. that few people rely on the system

B. that people don’t want to rely on the system

C. taxing the people who work more heavily than those who do not work

D. making it unnecessary for people to work

(5)Which of the following is true about a welfare state？

A. A welfare state redistributes wealth.

B. All the advanced nations are welfare states in the strictest sense.

C. Welfare states are socialist countries.

D. Citizens can all be made happy by their welfare system.

This independent organization devoted to the welfare of needy children throughout the world is seventy years old. Many children suffered hunger and homelessness at the end of the First World War. Concerned about the plight(困境) of these children, a group of British volunteers founded a new organization in 1919 to publicize the problems and help improve conditions. A founder member, Eglantyne Jebb, drew up the declaration of the "rights of the child", which was adopted by the League of Nations(later the United Nations). This charter(宪章) sums up the philosophy of Save the Children Fund's work. The basic principle is that dignity and well-being are a vital part of the lives of children and a child should be protected regardless of race, nationality or creed(信仰).

In 1989 millions of children throughout the world are still innocent victims of war, famine and poverty. Save the Children Fund is still working to raise public awareness and improve conditions.

Save the Children Fund

Name of organization:【46】

Time of foundation:【47】

Founders: a group of【48】

Aims: publicize the problem and help【49】

Those to be protected: needy children【50】

frustrating experience.The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps (1)The talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard distributing reading material and giving out assignment.The new students sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and wonders what to write.Very often the student leave the lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and(2) become hard even for the students to understand

Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be effectively listeners and note-takers.If these are unavailable.there are many usual study-skills guides which (3) learners to practice these skills independently.In all cases it is important to (4) the problem before actually starting your studies

It is important to acknowledge that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language required in college study.One way of (5)these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year.Another basic strategy is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.(完型填空)

A.Which

B.Enable

C.Overcoming

D.Tackle

E.Illustrating