Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences ]tare been removed. For Questio

Part B

Directions:

In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay with the title “Reading Books in Printed Form. or on Computer” in which you should

1） analyze the strong points and weak points of each one, and

2） tell your own preference and your reasons.

You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

Part B

Directions: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文： Miss Richards was a teacher at a school for boys and girls. She taught chemistry and physics from the lowest to the highest classes in the school. Sometimes the new classes learnt rapidly, but sometimes they were very slow, and then Miss Richards had to repeat the things many times.

One year, the first class had been studying chemistry for several weeks then Miss Richards suddenly asked, "What is water？ Who knows？ Hold up your hand."

There was silence for a few seconds, and Miss Richards felt sad but then one boy raised his hand.

"Yes, Dick？" said Miss Richards encouragingly. He was not one of the brightest students in the class, so she was glad that this boy could answer.

"Water is a liquid which has no color until you wash your hands in it, then it turns black," the boy replied with great confidence.

Who was Miss Richards？

A．A chemistry teacher.

B．A science teacher.

C．An art teacher.

D．A physics teacher.

Part B

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement) , or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes). 61) They are generally meant to identify the company' s expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might a-rise in the course of doing business. 62) It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness, consistency in application, and the avoidance of ethical disasters.

63) An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the company's policies, specific case studies, and legal requirements. Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the company' s rules of conduct.

Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct. A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior. Lying has become expected in fields such as trading. An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers.

Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct. Some claim that ethical problems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment.

Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, and that they are mainly to limit the company' s legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving the appearance of being a good corporate citizen. Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its employees will follow the rules. 64) Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen if the employee had only followed the code properly.

Sometimes there is disconnection between the company' s code of ethics and the company' s actual practices. 65) Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, at worst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞两面派的), and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool.

(61)

Part BDirections:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into the numbered blank when there are tow extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

After its misadventures in 1993, when American marines were driven out of Somalia by skinny gunmen, America has used a long spoon in supping with Somalia's warlords. This, like so much else, changed on September 11th. (41) .

Clandestine, up to a point: within hours of the arrival in Baidoa of nine closely cropped Americans sporting matching satellite phones and shades, their activities were broadcast. After meeting various warlords, the group inspected a compound that had apparently been offered to them as their future base. They also saw an old military depot. Neither can have been encouraging: the compound has been taken over by war-displaced families, and the depot by thorn-scrub.

America was already convinced of al-Qaeda's presence in Somalia. Its had listed a Somali Islamic group, al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (Islamic Unity), as a terrorist organisation. (42) . It fears that lawless Somalia could become a haven for escapes from Afghanistan. The American navy is currently patrolling the country's long coastline, while spy planes are said to be criss-crossing the heavens.

(43) . With a little bit of help, he told his American visitors, he would be ready "to liberate the country from these evil forces". America had already heard as much through its embassies in Nairobi and Addis Ababa, which maintain contact with warlords, and from Ethiopia.

The warlords are supported by Ethiopia, which has a historical fear of strong Somalia, in a bid to oppose the government. But their differing views on where to strike at the "terrorists" reveal that their individual ambitions are even sharper than their dislike of the government.

Mr. Ismail says that Merca, which is claimed by his Rahanwein clan, is the capital of terror. (44) . The UN says there is only an orphanage there now. But the island is close to Mr. Morgan's home town of Kismaayo, which he failed to capture from a pro-government militia in July, and he is determined not to fail again.

None of this looks good for Somalia's official president, Abdiquassim Salad Hassan, Whose government is in control of about half the capital, Mogadishu. He has formed his own anti-terrorism unit, and invited America to send investigators, or even troops. America, armed with stories about the presence of al-Itihaad members held back, but on December 18th sent an envoy to Mogadishu.

Both Mr. Hassan and the UN say that al-Itihaad is not a terrorist organisation. It emerged as an armed force in 1991, battling for power in the aftermath of Siad Barre's fall. It had some early successes, briefly taking Kismaayo. But it was always dependent on the blessing of its members' clan elders. When the elders eventually called their fighters back, a hard core of Islamists fled to the Gedo border region where, in 1997, they were crushed by Ethiopian troops (45) .

The Baidoa alliance plainly hopes to be supported as proxies in a fight against "terrorism" and the Mogadishu regime. But the latest intelligence leaks suggest that the first reports may have overestimated al-Qaeda's presence in Somalia. Nor would Mr. bin Laden and his henchmen find it easy to lie low in an oral culture that considers rumour-mongering to be a form. of manners. Even so, the warlords seem to believe that they have won some promise of help. Soon after the arrival of the American group, they pulled out of the peace talks they had been holding with their government in Nairobi.

[A] Al-Itihaad subsequently infiltrated Somalia's business class, and now runs Islamic schools, courts and clinics with the money it has accumulated.

[B] According to Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail, the acting chairman of the loose alliance of warlords who control most of Somalia and are based in Baidoa, there are "approximately 20,480 armed extremists" in Somalia and "85% of the government is al-Itihaad".

[C] Muhammad Hersi Morgan, known as the "butcher of Hargeisa" because he once razed that town to the ground, says an al-Itihaad camp on Ras Kamboni island, is still active.

[D] But since September 11th 2001, western governments anxious to prevent al-Qaeda from using Somalia as a base, have pressed the warlords to make peace.

[E] American intelligence officers are working with two warlords to gather information about suspected al-Qaeda people in Somalia.

[F] On December 9th America sent a clandestine mission to talk to a collection of Somali warlords, who like to claim that their country, in particular their UN-sponsored government, is overrun with terrorists.

[G] It had also forced the closure of Barakaat, Somalia's biggest banking and telecoms company, which handles most of the remittances that somalis working abroad send back to their families.

第41题：

(41) .

Section BDirections:

Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

第11题：He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.

A discard B discern C disperse D disregard

Part B

Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A - G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

[A] These issues cut right across traditional religious dogma. Many people cling to the belief that the origin of life required a unique divine act. But ff life on Earth is not unique, the case for a miraculous origin would be undermined. The discovery of even a humble bacterium on Mars, if it could be shown to have arisen independently from Earth life would support the view that life emerges naturally.

[B] Contrary to popular belief, speculation that we are not alone in the universe is as old as philosophy itself. The essential steps in the reasoning were based on the atomic theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. First, the laws of nature are universal. Second, there is nothing special or privileged about Earth. Finally, if something is possible, nature tends to make it happen. Philosophy is one thing, filling in the physical details is another. Although astronomers increasingly suspect that bio-friendly planets may be abundant in the universe, the chemical steps leading to life remain largely mysterious.

[C] There is, however, a contrary view-one that is gaining strength and directly challenges orthodox biology. It is that complexity can emerge spontaneously through a process of self-organization, ff matter and energy have an inbuilt tendency to amplify and channel organized complexity, the odds against the formation of life and the subsequent evolution of intelligence could be drastically shortened. The relevance of self- organization to biology remains hotly debated. It suggests, however, that although the universe as a whole may be dying, an opposite, progressive trend may also exist as a fundamental property of nature. The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly-intelligent life, is a key test for these rival paradigms.

[D] Similar reasoning applies to evolution. According to the orthodox view, Darwinian selection is utterly blind. Any impression that the transition from microbes to man represents progress is pure chauvinism of our part. The path of evolution is merely a random walk through the realm of possibilities. If this is right, there can be no directionality, no innate drive forward; in particular, no push toward consciousness and intelligence. Should Earth be struck by an asteroid, destroying all higher life -forms, intelligent beings, still less humanoids, would almost certainly not arise next time around.

[E] Traditionally, biologists believed that life is a freak-the result of a zillion - to - on& accidental concatenation of molecules. It follows that the likelihood of its happening again elsewhere in the cosmos is infinitesimal. This viewpoint de- rives from the second law of thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe is dying - slowly and inexorably degenerating toward a state of total chaos. Life stumbles across this trend only because it is a pure statistical luck.

[F] Historically, the Roman Catholic church regarded any discussion of alien life as heresy. Speculating about other inhabited worlds was one reason philosopher Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in 1600. Belief that mankind has-a special relationship with God is central to the monotheistic religions. The existence of alien beings, especially if they were further advanced than humans intellectually and spiritually, would disrupt this cozy view.

[G] The discovery of life beyond earth would transform. not only our science but also our religions, our belief systems and our entire world view. For in a sense, the search for extraterrestrial life is really a search for ourselves - who we are and what our place is in the grand sweep of the cosmos.

Order:

41___________________

Part B

Directions:

The 12,000 members of the Electricity Workers' Union went on strike last week and since then there has been no electricity. For questions 61～65, match the names with the statements below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Mr. Mike Smith:

It wasn't an easy decision, but we've been asking for a decent wage for years. Now at las people are beginning to listen to us. We' re only asking for a 25 percent increase in our wages. 250 dollars a week, that's all. It's a pity so many people have to be inconvenienced by our strike. Bu please don't blame us. Blame the government for refusing our claim.

Mr. Tom Brown:

It' s totally unreasonable to demand so much money when we are trying desperately to control inflation. If wages go up ,so do prices. If we gave in to the electricity workers, all the other unions would want more, with the inevitable result that the crisis would become uncontrollable. What we' re trying to impress upon everybody is that inflation hurts everybody, especially the poor people. We offer the electricity workers a 10 percent increase. And that' s already too much. My stand at this meeting will be to persuade the Union to see reason.

Mr. Bob Davis:

Everybody will be hurt by this strike, including the electricity workers themselves. The economy will be destroyed and many people will lose their jobs. Already people are saying that the big unions have too much power and shouldn't be allowed to strike. Of course the electricity workers want to get more money. Don't we all？

Mrs. Baker.

My opinion is "Get the Army in". All the power stations should be managed by the army. The strikers should be thrown into prison. That' s what this country needs. Why must we all suffer just because a few men are greedy？ If they don't like their jobs, nobody' s forcing them to work. They should try and live on 50 dollars a week like I have to. Perhaps they' d keep their mouths shut then.

Miss Slater：

Let's face it. It's neither here nor there. The electricity workers are in a strong position. Perhaps we can't do anything about it. What I say is: let them have their 250 dollars so we can return to work. I mean, the government wastes the taxpayers' money all the time on trivial things. How can anyone say 250 dollars is "too much"？ Pop singers get more. Nurses get less. It's just one of those things.

Now match each of the persons (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.

Note: there are two extra statements.

Statements

[A] A 10% increase is already too much, and I'm here to persuade the Union to see reason.

[B] I hope that strikes should be banned in all sectors relating to the nation' s security and stability.

[C] We will never go back to work until our goals are achieved.

[D] I think that the government should give in to the electricity worker' s demands.

[E] I strongly suggest that all the power stations should be run by the army and that the strikers should be put into prison.

[F] I must make you clear that strikes will destroy the economy and that many people will lose their jobs.

[G] We are forced to call a strike because the government rejected our wage claim.

Mr. Mike Smith

Part B

Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was conflict fought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in America affairs.

41)_______________. When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non -British areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.

42)_______________. Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American war time commerce was at its zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British-occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.

43)_______________. In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly 4,000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. 44)_______________. Only the least commercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.

Overall, the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encouraged some investors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then, once the trade lanes reopened with the. coming of peace, even those who profited from the war were stung by

the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. 45) _______________.

[A] The rechanneling of American resources into import competing industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.

[B] As exports and imports fell, import substitution abounded, and tile colonial economy became considerably more self-sufficient.

[C] Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war, few Americans were untouched by it—at least indirectly.

[D] Nevertheless, the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports, especially during the first two years of the war.

[E] Internally, the. most pressing problems were financial.

[F] More important was the fact that Congress had no independent income and had to rely for funds on catch as catch can contributions from the states, made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.

[G] Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort, and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.

41._______________