Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take ad

(b) GHG has always used local labour to build and subsequently operate hotels. The directors of GHG are again

considering employing a local workforce not only to build the hotel but also to operate it on a daily basis.

Required:

Explain TWO ways in which the possibility of cultural differences might impact on the performance of a local

workforce in building and operating a hotel in Tomorrowland. (6 marks)

l to greet them. The main purpose of this greeting is to 【B1】 a good relationship between the people 【B2】 and each language usually has 【B3】 set phrases which can be used for this purpose. Sometimes, though, there can be 【B4】 differences in the type of phrases which can be used, and cultural misunderstandings can easily 【B5】. The following is a true example.

A young British woman went to Hong Kong to work, and at the time of her 【B6】 she knew nothing about the Chinese culture of language. 【B7】 her way to school one day, she went to the bank to get some money. 【B8】, the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch. She was extremely surprised 【B9】 such a question because in the British culture it would be 【B10】 an indirect invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also 【B11】 the young man's interest in dating the girl. 【B12】 this bank clerk was a complete stranger 【B13】 the British girl, she was very much taken aback (生气), and hastily commented that she had eaten 【B14】. After this she 【B15】 to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked the same question. By now she 【B16】 that it could not be an invitation, but was puzzled 【B17】 why they asked it. 【B18】 the following days she was asked the same question again and again. Only much later 【B19】 that the question had no real meaning 【B20】 --it was merely a greeting.

【B1】

A．build on

B．build up

C．build into

D．build out

s divorce.Jack was brought up by their Jewish father in Trinidad, Oscar went to live with their mother's family in Czechoslovakia.In fact Oscar did not know he was Jewish until Jack found him in Germany in 1954.Jack is proud to be a Jew, but Oscar still does not like to talk about his Jewish heritage.Yet the twins are similar in many ways.They both like spicy food and sweet drinks.In school they both did well in sports but poorly in mathematics.

Are thoughts and behavior. determined by heredity (遗传) or by environment？ Social scientists have long been interested in this question; the results of "twin studies" are particularly interesting to them.Twin studies of the similarities and differences between twins.There are two types of twins: identical twins, who look exactly the same because they have identical genetic characteristics, and fraternal twins, who have different genetic characteristics.In a 1937 study, Newman, Freeman, and Halzinger found that identical twins are more similar in height and weight than fraternal twins.Because identical twins have the same genetic characteristics, the conclusion was that size is determined more by heredity than by environment.In 1962, James Shields compared the height, weight, and intelligence of identical twins who were brought up together (in the same environment) with those of identical twins brought up apart (in different environments).He found that although the differences were small, identical twins who were brought up together were more similar than those brought up apart.Shields concluded that height, weight, and intelligence are largely determined by heredity.However, because of the differences between identical twins brought up together and those brought up apart, these characteristics may be partly determined by environment.

In the case of Oscar and Jack, heredity seems to determine physical and mental abilities, tastes, and behavior.Environment seems to determine thought.

1.After their parents' divorce, Oscar and Jack ______.

A.went to live with their mother's family

B.were brought up by their father

C.never saw each other again

D.were separated until 1954

2.Although Oscar and Jack are similar in many ways, they seem to be different in_______.

A.physical ability

B.behavior

C.mental ability

D.thought

3.Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because_______.

A.they have the same mother

B.they have the same genetic characteristics

C.they were brought up together

D.they were born at the same time

4.The conclusion of Newman, Freeman and Halzinger's 1937 twin study was that_______.

A.size is determined by height, weight, and environment

B.identical twins are taller and heavier than fraternal twins

C.size is determined more by heredity than by environment

D.identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins

5.Shield drew a slightly different conclusion from his study because_______.

A.he also compared the intelligence of the twins in his study

B.he compared twins brought up together with those brought up apart

C.only identical twins were included in his study

D.all of the environment factors were carefully controlled

himself into a corner, worried 【B2】 when people saw him they would all wonder 【B3】 a child like him was making a train journey alone. He sighed with 【B4】 when at last he heard the first sound of the train and then saw it roar in the train 【B5】 was to take him out into the world. As he climbed 【B6】 he noticed his ticket was second-class. He 【B7】 always traveled first – class before and again he felt that everything had changed. There were differences he had never 【B8】 before. His 【B9】 companions were not 【B10】 those he usually met. Some Italian workmen with hard hands and rough voices sat opposite, 【B11】 spades and shovels, and looked out with dull, blank expressions. They had been working 【B12】 money. Edgar thought, but he couldn't imagine 【B13】 it could be. He became 【B14】 for the first time that he was accustomed as a matter of 【B15】 to an air of comfortable ease in his life, and there was so much he knew nothing about.

Edgar began to see many things from that narrow compartment with its windows to the 【B16】 world. He 【B17】 out of the window with new eyes. And it seemed to him that he saw everything in its proper light for the first time.

Houses fled by as 【B18】 blown away by the wind, and this made him think about the people who lived in them. Were they 【B19】 or poor, happy or miserable？ Did they 【B20】 as he did, to know everything？

【B1】

A．up

B．due

C．owing

D．on

mine what aspects define a certain sense of humor. A nation’s wit is linked to the historical development of the country. How funny somebody finds a certain incident depends on many factors including age, personal experience, level of education and geographical location. Therefore humor is something which is not always transferable in another country.

[2] What somebody from one area may find hilarious may not be amusing at all to somebody from another location. Whether or not someone gets a joke is determined by their interpretation, filtered by the cultural context.

[3] What about when both countries speak the same mother tongue？ Does that mean that they will then share the same sense of humor, or can differences still occur？ Let’s take the example of Britain and America. Not only do Americans and Brits spell the word “humor” differently, most claim that American humor and British humor are quite different in nature. Time and time again, people say that Brits and Americans don’t “get” each other’s sense of humor. To what extent is this true, if at all？

[4] There’s a received wisdom in the U.K. that Americans don’t get irony. It is often believed to be one of the most common differences between the British and American sense of humor. This is of course not true. One of the major differences seems to be how often both countries use irony. Brits use irony on a daily basis. We use it as liberally as prepositions in every day speech. We tease our friends. We use sarcasm as a shield and a weapon. We avoid sincerity until it’s absolutely necessary. We mercilessly take the piss out of people we like or dislike basically. And ourselves. This is very important. Our brashness and swagger is laden with equal portions of self-deprecation. This is our license to hand it out.

[5] But it is not the foundation of American humor. I think Americans understand British irony (most of the time anyway!); what they don’t understand is the need to use it so frequently. When Americans use irony they tend to state that they were “only kidding”. They feel the need to make a joke more obvious than Brits do, maybe this stems from a fear of offending people.

[6] The American sense of humor is generally more slapstick than that in Britain. I think this arises from a cultural difference between the two. Their jokes are more obvious and forward, a bit like Americans themselves. British jokes, on the other hand, tend to be more subtle but with a dark or sarcastic undertone. There is usually a hidden meaning. This may stem from the fact that British culture is more reserved than American culture.

[7] Americans say, “Have a nice day” whether they mean it or not. Brits are terrified to say this. We tell ourselves it’s because we don’t want to sound insincere, but I think it might be for the opposite reason. We don’t want to celebrate anything too soon. Failure and disappointment lurk around every corner. This is due to our upbringing. Americans are brought up to believe they can be the next president of the United States. Brits are told, “It won’t happen for you.”

[8] Yet certain American comedies have gained huge success in Britain and vice versa. Therefore, although there are differences between both comic styles, there is still an appreciation and understanding of the other sense of humor. Both the British and American versions of the comedy The Office are hugely successfully on both sides of the Atlantic. Both shows have their own cultural differences, yet they portray a lifestyle. which both Americans and Brits alike can relate to. Although both nations have subtle differences in their wit, they can appreciate the other’s sense of humor.

46、According to this passage, all of the following factors influence how funny a person finds a certain incident except __________.

A.age

B.gender

C.personal experience

D.level of education

47、What is the main idea of the third paragraph？()

A.In this paragraph, the question whether Brits and Americans share the same sense of humor or not is put forward.

B.In this paragraph, the author emphasizes that Brits and Americans don’t understand each other’s sense of humor.

C.In this paragraph, the author emphasizes that American humor and British humor are quite different in nature.

D.In this paragraph, the question that to what extent American humor is different from British humor is put forward.

48、What is the topic sentence of the fourth paragraph？()

A.The first sentence.

B.The fourth sentence.

C.The fifth sentence.

D.The second sentence.

49、According to the fourth paragraph, the difference between American humor and British humor lies in the use of ___________.

A.joke

B.sarcasm

C.irony

D.metaphor

50、Why are British jokes more subtle than American jokes？()

A.Because Brits are more straightforward.

B.Because Brits are more slapstick.

C.Because Brits are more open.

D.Because British culture is more reserved than American culture.

en people. I&39;ve met numerouspeople in Japan, the US, and Australia. In the beginning,I was __31__ by the differences in theviews and cultures. After studying in the US,I got __32__ to the American way of thinking. Sowhen I first moved to A , I had __33__ thoughts about Australians,I thought they were quiet and ifelt that I couldn&39;t understand them and that I didn&39;t __34__ in. That is when I met the HappyScience teachings. I learne how people go through reincarnation(转 世 ) and are born again andagain in different races andin different countries.

Therefore,I realized that the people I meet in this lifetime are __35__ connected to me frommy past.We have known each other before When I __36__ this spiritual perspective, I reflected onmy narrow-mindedness.

When I found out that people who I thought I couldn&39;t understand could be spirituallyconnected to me,I felt __37__ even for peo ple I used to __38__ . I felt a feeling of onenessand iwas able to make many friends bonds of understanding and respect. Value and __39__ everyspiritual bond between you and the people you meet and continue to work hard to developyourself in order to __40__ others and be agood influence.

A．negative B．criticize C．spiritually

D．shameful E．affection F．discovered

G．appreciate H．confused I．fit

J．admit K．used L．help

31、请在第 __31__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __34__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __37__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __38__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __32__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __39__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __35__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __40__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __33__处填上正确答案。

请在第 __36__处填上正确答案。

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Reading Comprehension 阅读理解

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

Let's look at another example of how people's communication patterns differ: the way people converse. Some foreigners have observed that when Americans carry on a conversation, it seems as if they are having a Ping-Pong game. One person has the ball and then hits it to the other side of the table. The other player hits the ball back and the game continues. If one person doesn't return the ball, then the conversation stops. Each part of the conversation follows this pattern: the greeting and the opening, the discussion of a topic, and the closing and farewell. If either person talks too much, the other may become impatient and feel that he is dominating the conversation. Similarly, if one person doesn't say enough or ask enough questions to keep the conversation going, the conversation stops.

Many North Americans, are impatient with culturally different conversation styles simply because the styles are unfamiliar. For example, to many North Americans it seems that some Latin Americans dominate conversations, or hold the ball too long. Speaking of her co-workers from several Latin American countries, one North American woman said, “I just find it difficult to cut in. They seem to take such a long time to express themselves. They give you a lot of unnecessary details.” When she talked with them, she became tense, because she found it so hard to participate. Yet she also noted that when they talked to each other, nobody seemed uncomfortable or left out.

The North American woman didn't know how to interrupt the Latin American conversations because North American ways of listening and breaking in are very different. She had been taught to listen politely until the other person finished talking. (Once again, there are gender (性别) differences; it has been observed that men tend to interrupt women more than women interrupt men. )When the North American woman did what was “natural” or “normal” for her (i. e. , listen politely without interrupting), she was not comfortable in the conversation with the Latin Americans. The result was that she became more passive in her conversations with her co-workers. The differences between the unspoken rules of conversation of each cultural group interfered with their on-the-job relationship.

26、When North Americans converse together, each one of the group is supposed to_______________.

A.participate in the talk

B.play Ping-Pong games

C.interrupt the speaker

D.dominate the conversation

27、When North Americans converse with the Latin Americans, the North Americans would feel_______________.

A.involved

B.left out

C.comfortable

D.relaxed

28、To the North Americans, the Latin Americans are_______________.

A.polite

B.communicative

C.dominant

D.familiar

29、We can infer from this passage that_______________.

A.people from different cultures cannot communicate with each other

B.different conversational styles may affect people's relationships

C.men are more talkative than women

D.North Americans' conversational habits are better than those of Latin Americans'

30、The best title for this passage is_______________.

A.Different Conversation Styles

B.Different Conversation Topics

C.Different Conversation Processes

D.Different Conversation Effects

A.common

B.peculiar

C.subtle

D.plentiful

y. Variations may be produced by assignable causes. All of the following are examples of assignable causes except:

A . differences among machines.

B . differences among workers.

C . differences among materials.

D . differences in each of these factors over time.

E . None of the above (all are examples)

A. with

B. for

C. out

D. on