So far the child _____ many times not to play computer games before going to bed.

ivate fertility clinics. Antinori is already f______ for previous controversies such as helping grandmothers to have babies. Yet this time he is not alone in p______ the idea of human cloning. US scientists are working with him on this project, and a r______ group -- the Raelians -- have also announced their intention to offer the service. Of course, with so many couples d______ for a child yet unable to conceive through traditional IVF treatments, there is no s______ of volunteers. It would probably not work trying to prevent cloning, thus some form of regulation is almost i______. At the moment, cloning techniques are far from p______ and most attempts to clone animals end up in f______.

so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serius problems of intellectual adjustment.

Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or, as the case might be bumped into- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers--the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threenes that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far from innate.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．Trends in teaching mathematics to children.

B．The use of mathematics in child psychology.

C．The development of mathematical ability in children.

D．The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.

A.prospective

B.respective

C.depiction

D.perspective

Early or Later Day Care

The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, (he father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone -- far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following statements would Bowlby support？

A．Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.

B．Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.

C．The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.

D．Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.

A.CODE SEGMENT

B.DATA SEGME~T

C.STACK SEGMENT'STACK'

D.MA IN PROC FAR

[A] that

[B] much

[C] far

[D] so

A.yet

B.even

C.but

D.since

s fluent English. Hsiao Ma replies:()

A.No, not at all.

B.No, no, my English is poor.

C.Thank you. It’s kind of you to say so.

D.Oh, no. Far from that. I still have a long way to go.

Tom's parents died when he was a child, so he was ______ by his relatives.

A．grown up

B．brought up

C．raised

D．fed up

___.

A．their children no longer require their care.

B．there are more jobs available nowadays.

C．technology has enabled them to find acceptable jobs.

D．they spend far less time on child care than before.