When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually __________

When giving a speech, speakers must cite sources by:()

A.Using an oral footnote and citing the materials in the written representation of the speech.

B.Including printed sources only in oral footnotes or written documentation; interviews or television shows need not be cited.

C.Plagiarizing the source in both the oral and written forms of the speech.

D.Adding a bibliography; it is not necessary to state the sources if you have a typed bibliography to give the teacher or coordinator of the event at which you are speaking.

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in

pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling.

(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt

'naturally' and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 【B1】______

deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,

remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what 【B2】______

our speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often 【B3】______

comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. 【B4】______

It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting

is something which we almost always know. We begin the 'natural' 【B5】______

learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or

write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 【B6】______

practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours

per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult 【B7】______

English spelling. This is 'natural', therefore, that our speech-sounds 【B8】______

should be those of our immediate circle；after all, as we have seen,

speech operates as a means of holding a community and 【B9】______

giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a

'stranger', someone who speaks with an accent of a different

community — perhaps only a few miles far. 【B10】______

【B1】

11. Frederick n' s experiment was "drastic" because ()

A. he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak

B. he ignored the importance of mothering to the infant

c. he was unkind to the nurses and the children

D. he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue

12. The reason some children are backward in speaking today is that ().

A. they do not listen carefully to their mothers

B. their brains have to absorb too much language at once

C. their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak

D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them

13. By "critical times" the author means ().

A. difficult periods in the child' s life

B. moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother

C. important stages in the child's development

D. times when mothers often neglect their children

14. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage？ ()

A. The faculty of speech is inborn to man.

B. Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.

C. The child' s brain is highly selective.

D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.

15. If the mother does not respond to her child's signals , the child will().

A. never be able to speak properly

B. stop giving out signals

C. invent a language of its own

D. make little effort to speak

A.Asking the audience a question.

B.Beginning with humor.

C.Giving a silenc

D.Telling a story.

A.Cause/Effect

B.Topical Sequence

C.Spatial/relations

D.Problem/Solution

her is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up(吸收) language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient(智商. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and under- stand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of thirty to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that for the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern "teddy-bear". And even more incredible(不可思议) is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub(喧哗) of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.But speech has to be triggered(触发), and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling, (咿咿呀呀) clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.

1.The reason some children are backward in speaking today is that ____.

A、they do not listen carefully to their mothers

B、their brains have to absorb too much language at once

C、their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak

D、their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them

2.By "critical times" the author means ____.

A、difficult periods in the child's life

B、moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother

C、important stages in the child's development

D、times when mothers often neglect their children

3.Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage____.

A、The faculty of speech is inborn in man.

B、Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.

C、The child's brain is highly selective.

D、Most children learn their language in definite stages.

4.It the mother does not respond to her child's signals ____.

A、the child will never be able to speak properly

B、the child will stop giving out signals

C、the child will invent a language of its own

D、the child will make little effort to speak

5.Which of the following is true according to the passage____.

A、By the age of a year and a half the child's vocabulary is still under 100 words.

B、By the age of four children still make many grammatical mistakes.

C、The author does not believe that children select and analyse their language.

D、All children of high IQ start to speak early.

ng next week.

—___________________________, but I'll have some time between five and six p.m.

A、Don’t mention it

B、Yes, it’s so quiet as we expected

C、Well, it's pretty busy this morning

How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time？

A．By spending lesson time on pronunciation.

B．By not using books on speech mechanics on pronunciation.

C．By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between sounds.

D．By making ill-informed comments upon students' pronunciation.

A.and

B.when

C.than

D.then